知识讲解.docx

高考冲刺：短文改错题型介绍高考英语短文改错历来是考生的一个难点，因为它考查的是考生的综合语言运用能力，考查内容涵盖英语语言的各个层面。短文改错分为两种形式：含有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词增加、删除或修改；对标有题号的每一行做出判断，或增加，或删除，或修改，全文共有9处错误，有一行是对的。解题技巧改错步骤1 .通读全文，了解短文大意。把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑，尤其是有的行文逻辑方面的错误在看单句时难以发现错误（比如前文用Mike,后文代词用she等）。在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好，再进行分句改错。2 .分句阅读，逐行找错。在完成第一步后，要进行逐行逐句的改错。这时要从文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。注意不能改变句子的原意，也不能改掉原来正确的词语而换成了另一种正确的表达形式，如某些定语从句中that与which的互换是不给分的。3 .最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍，检查答案是否正确，感觉是否还有不妥之处，最终形成定稿。注意严格按照例题要求和解题说明，用规定的符号去改，不要用文字去说明或者用箭头表示，更不能在原题中乱画。答题时可以从以下几点考虑：1 .句中的时态、主谓、代词一致吗？2 .句中的谓语完整吗？3 .习惯用法固定搭配正确吗？4 .冠词、形容词、副词及关系词得当吗？5 .该用被动语态吗？6 .从句的连接词对了吗？7 .从句中的谓语完整吗？真题讲解【高清链接】（一）Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.Icalledmyparents,soIdidnottellthemwhathadhappened.IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.Asaresult,nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.（浙江）（二）Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnne,sfriend,Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.InthecarparkhereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheyfinallydroppedGinaoffatherparents'andmadeourownwaytohome.(辽宁).(三)DearEditor,mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving.Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustrycangowithoutit.Yetitseemedwaterisbecominglessandless.Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon'thaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.Next,nodrinkingwatershouldbeleftrunning.Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.Sincerely,1.iHua76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.(ffl)DearMom,Mother'sDayiscoming.msorrythatIamabroadandcan,tsendyourflowers,somwritingtoyou.Mom,IknowIhaveneverexpressedmythanktoyoubefore.Butontoday,atthisspecialtime,Ijustwanttotellyouloudly:IIoveyou,Mom!Thankyousomuchbynotonlygivingmelife,butalsoteachmehowtobeagoodperson.Thankyouforallyouhaddoneforme.Mom,thoughImayoftensayit,Idoloveyou.Nobodycantakeyourpartinmyheart.WheneverIam,Iwillalwaysloveyou.Hopeyougoodhealthandmuchhappinesseveryday!Yourlittlegirl,Jennifer66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73,.74.75.（五）Dear Grandpa,How are you those days? I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till 1 fall asleep. We often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant view there. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study and the findings will be use as materials for our research. Since we,ll do the study in our hometown, I hope to see you by then.Yours, Daisy76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.（一）1.Twoyearsbefore,before-*ago；ago指的是从现在起到过去时间的某一点的一段时间。这个时间状语常与一般过去时态或过去进行时态连用。1.1 rentedforacar.去掉for,因为rent为及物动词。3. Unfortunate,IhadanaccidentUnfortunate改为Unfortunately,修饰句话用副词。4. atleasttwoweekweek-*weeks5.1calledmyparents,soIdidnottellthemsobut,逻辑关系错误。6.1knewthattheywillbeWinfWOUId,主从句时态一致。7.worriedaboutmyselfmyself-*me,句中的主语为they,不构成反身代词；8.1wassofartheraway,farther-*far»句中不构成比较级。9.1toldtheminterestedstoriesinterested-*interesting,interesting才表示“令人感兴趣的二10.nobodyknewtruthtruth前加the,此处特指“那个真相二（二）1. wehavewithyouhavehad,由后面的was可知，这儿应该用过去时态。2. Itwassokindforyoutoletusforof,kind用于描述you的，适用于“It+形容词+ofsb.”句型。3. Unfortunate,theonlyproblemUnfbrtunateUnfortunately,修饰句子用副词。4. foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficfbras,asaresult固定搭配。5. foratleastsixmilemilcmilesmile是可数名词，并且前面是six。6. wewaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclearunlessuntil后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是“我们一直等到路通了“。7. Inthecarparkherehcrethere叙述的是别的地方发生的事，所以用thereo8. ascardroveoutfartooquicklyCar前加a,Car不是特指，并且是可数名词，所以前面要加SLo9. TheyfinallydroppedGinaofftheywe叙述的是“我们”做的事，所以用we。10. andmadeourownwaytohome去掉to,makeone'swayhome中home为副词，前面不用介词t。（三）76. opinion前加my,根据句意前后的代词指代要一致，前文主语是I,所以后半句表达的意见就应该是“我”的意见。77. animalanimals我们还有动物们没有水就无法活。根据句意用复数形式。78. ornor根据前文的neither可知应该将or改为nor。79. seemed>seems文章整体讲节约用水方面的话题，通篇用一般现在时，所以将Seemed改为seemso80. wethey句中的“许多国家”指的是外国，不是“我们”。81. athe/this/that本句的问题指上文提到过的问题，表特指。82. thoughbecausesinceas主从句之间的逻辑为因果关系而不是转折关系。83. 正确。84