小升初语法专题-陈述句6页.docx

小升初语法讲义一句子分类陈述句知识精要1 .陈述句句型的理解和综合运用2 .肯定陈述句和否定陈述句的变形及应用要点讲练一、陈述句的概念陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。如：mastudent.Ilikedogs.mnotateacher.二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法陈述句可分为“肯定陈述句”利“否定陈述句”两种，简称为肯定句和否定句。1、肯定句在英语中，一般情况下，肯定句的基本结构为：主+谓+其他，例如：主语一般包括人称代词或名词：I,you,he,she,dog,cat,somebooks等.物主代词：this,that,等。谓语一般就是动词：be动词：is,are,am助动词：do,does行为动词：like,eat等Eg.Mr.WalkerisanEnglishman.华克先生是英国人。Iamatallboy.我是一个高的男孩。Hedoeshishomework.他做他的作业。2、否定句否定句的基本形式包括以下两种：(1)在系动词am,is,are,助动词do,does,did,及情态动词will,would*can,could,may,might,shall,should,must等后面加上"not"。例如：句子中有be动词，后直接加not,例如：Eg.Iamnot(mnot)agoodswimmer.我不是一个游泳的好手。Heisnot(isn't)adoctor.他不是一个医生Itisnot(isn't)rainingoutside.外面没有在下雨。情态动词WiH,would*can,could,may,might,shall,should,must后面加上“not”。例如：Eg.Iwon'tdoitagain.我不再做这种事。Theoldmancannotfindhiswayhome.那个老人找不到回家的路。Icouldn,tsleeplastnight.昨夜我无法入睡。使用助动词“do”的否定句一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”，句式如下：do(does,did)+not+V(原形动词)，肯定句、否定句的互换，非单三时用do,单三时用does肯定句：IIike非单三J否定句：IdonotlikeEnglish.IW定句：HelikesEnglish.单二Y否定句：HedoesnotlikeEnglish.Eg.Idon,tknowherverywell.我并不很了解她。Hedoesn'tlikeChineseteaverymuch.他并不很喜欢中国茶。Shedidn'tcometoschoolthismorning.今天早上她没有来上学。Don'tbelievehim.不要相信他的话。小口诀：assssssssssszszszssssssssssssssssszssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss;：1、变否定，找be、can,be>Can后边加noi2、无be、无Can找动词，动词前边加dorft/doesn't.后面动词用原形Eg:肯定句>否定句DavidwatchesTVeveryevening.Daviddoesn'twatchTVeveryevening.Sheisbuyingsomefdintheshop.Sheisn'tbuyingsomefoodintheshopHecanplaythepiano.Hecan'tplaythepiano.(2)使用“not”以外的否定词使用副词：never>seldom»hardly,little,neither等。Eg.Shenevercomestoschoollate.她上学从不迟到。Sheseldomcomestoseeme.她不常来看我。使用形容词：no,few,Iiule等。Eg.Ihavenobrothers.(=1don,thavebrothers.)我没有兄弟。HehasfewfriendsinHongKong.他在香港几乎没有朋友。使用代词：nothing,nobody,none等。Eg.Iknownothingaboutcomputer.对于电脑我一窍不通。Ifoundnobodyinthathouse.在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。小贴土否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达，例如：Heishonest.他是诚实的。Heisdishonest.（=Heinnothonest.）他不诚实。Theyhavechildren.他们有小孩。Theyarechildless.=Theydon'thavechildren.他们没有小孩。U三三三三三三三三三三Z三三三三三三三三三三三三三S三Z三S三Z三三三三三三三三三S三X三三三三3三三三三三三三三三三X三三三Z三三三三三三三三三S三X特殊（肯定句与否定句互换词）:1.some变为anyTherearesomebirdsinthetree.Therearen'tanybirdsinthetree.但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?与此相关的一些不定代词如something,somebody等也要进行相应变化。2 .and变为OrIhaveaknifeandaruler.Idon'thaveaknifeoraruler.3 .alotof（=IotsOf）变为many或muchTheyhavealotoffriends.（可数名词）Theydon,thavemanyfriends.Thereislotsoforangeinthebottle.（不可数名词）Thereisn,tmuchorangeinthebottle.4 .already变为yetIhavebeentherealready.Ihaven,tbeenthereyet.陈述句专项练习一、基础练习Be动词（变为否定句）。1. Heisaboy.2. Iamyourfriend.3. Mysisterisabeautifulgirl.4. Mymotherisaworker.6. Therearesomebooksonthebookshelf.7. Iwasathomeyesterday.8. TheywereinBeijingtenyearsago.9. Iamlookingforajobrecently.10. Thestudentsareplayingbasketballintheplayground.1. 二、基础练习情态动词（变为否定句）。2. 1.ucywillbebackinaweek.3. Shecansingasonganddrawapicture.4. Youcanusethedictionary.5. Peterneedgohometomorrow.6. Youshouldlineupwhenyouwaitforabus.7. Weneedlearnsomethingtocook.8. Icanwriteabook.9. Youshouldsay“Sorry“tosomebodywhoyouhurthim.10. Hemuststayathometofinishhishomework.11. IcangotoShanghaiZoo.三、基础练习一实意动词（变为否定句）。1. WecomefromChina.2. Welikethemask.3. Helikestheviolin.4. Havesomebread,Tom.5. Pleaseopenyourbooks.5.1 likeChinese>Math>ArtandPE.7. Shehasashowerinthemorning.8. Peterdidlotsofworkinthecompanylastnight.9. Theyhadalotoffuninpasttenyears.10.1 usedtoplaythepiano.四、将下列句子变为否定句，每空一词。1. Thisisadesk.Thisadesk.2. Grandpatellsstoriestouseveryevening.Grandpastoriestouseveryevening.Hecandrawpictures.3. Hecandrawpictures.Hedrawpictures.4. Hehasanicewatch.Heanicewatch.5. Theydoalotofhomeworkatschool.Theyalotofhomeworkatschool.6. Youmustplayfootballhere.Youplayfootballhere.7. TheyarehavinganEnglishclass.TheyanEnglishclass.8. Petergoestothezooonceayear.Petertothezooonceayear.五、下面各句四处划线部分有一处是错误的，请指出并改正。1. Hedoesn,tthehomeworkeveryday.2. Hedoesn'thavesomericeforsupper.3. Thiscoatarered.Thatcoatisblue.4. Hedon,tgotoschoolyesterday.六、连词成句1. playing,like,I，football2. aren't,any，wall，the，pictures,there，on3. waiting,bus,for，the,we，are参考答案：、1.Heisnotaboy.2.1amnotyourfriend.3. Mysisterisnotabeautifulgirl.4. Mymotherisnotaworker.5. Theyarenotintheclassroom.6. Therearenotanybksonthebkshelf.7.1wasnotathomeyesterday.8.TheywerenotinBeijingtenyearsago.9.1amnotlookingforajobrecently.10.Thestudentsarenotplayingbasketballintheplayground.1. 二、2. 1.ucywillnotbebackinaweek.3. Shecannotsingasonganddrawapicture.4. Youcannotusethedictionary.5. Peterneednotgohomenow6. Youshouldnotlineupwhenyouwaitforabus7. Weneednotlearnanythingtocook.7.1cannotwriteabook.8. Youshouldnotsay“Sorry“tosomebodywhoyouhurthim.9. Hemustnotstayathometofinishhishome