全球可再生能源追踪2023.docx

CONTENTSSummaryTheRenewableEnergyTracker6Keyfindings7Recommendations11Introduction13Ajust,equitableandrapidtransitionto100%REisurgentlyneeded13TheRET!towardsafairandequitableassessmentofcountries14Methodology19Countrygrouping19Ratings20Countries'assessments25FocusWhichcountriesareleadingorlagging?27OverallassessmentDeployment31Ambition35Sustainabledevelopment40FocusIArecountriesupontracktowards100%REsystems?43FocusArecountriesmakingprogress?46Conclusion48Appendix5A.Windandsolaraskeyrenewablesources50B.NotesoMethodology51C.MethodologyfortheProgressassessment52D.lndicators:sources,definitionandscope54EDetailedrankings59SUMMARY(TheRenewableEnergyTrackerTheRenewableEnergyTracker(RET)isamultidimensionalanalysisdrivenbyprinciplesofequity,fairnessandtransparencythatassessestheperformanceof60countriesrepresenting85%oftotalpopulationandaccountingforabout90%oftotalgreenhousegasemissions,energyuseandGDP.Itusesequity-drivenindicatorstoacknowledgedifferencesbetweencountriesintermsofpriorities,financialabilities,populationsizeandcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitieswherebywealthiercountrieshavetomovefasterthanothers.Itputsemphasisonrewardingcountriesthatareperformingconsistentlywellorbetterthanothersacrossthemajorityofindicatorsorcategoriesassessed.Througha3-prongedanalysis,itprovidesasnapshotofwherecountriesstandandwhethertheyareheadingintherightdirection:!identifiesleadersandslow-starters;assesseswhethercountriesareontracktowards100%REsystems;evaluateswhethercountriesareprogressingScalinguprenewableenergyiscrucial,butit'sjustonepieceofthepuzzle.Whenitcomestoenergy,wemustsimultaneouslycommittoajustandequitablephaseoutoffossilfuels,doubleannualenergyefficiencyimprovementsandreduceoverallenergyconsumptionby2050,notablyinwealthiercountries.Radicalandtransformativechangesareneededeverywheretoachieveenvironmentalandclimatejustice.Countriesperformingrelativelywellintermsofrenewablesmaystillrelyheavilyonorinvestinfossilfuels,failtoprovidesufficientfundingtodevelopingcountries,engageinactivitiesharmfultopeopleornatureorpursuedangerousdistractionssuchascarboncaptureandstorage.Thisreportoffersadeepdiveonrenewablesbutresultsmustbeputintoperspectivewithcountries'progressinotherareas:acountrywithhighratingsintheRenewableEnergyTrackerisnotnecessarilya"climateleader*.KeVfindinsFigure1.CountriesYankandratingaccordingtotheirincomeIeveLEmergingandDevelopingEconomies(EMDEs)aremarkedwiththesymbol*.©Slow-StartersUganda* *Congo *Bangladesh, lf<CICKenya* *e r*an ds.：>v- UEOOC- Aq Pa-8-。S2+->UOQSwitzerlandNorway USDenmarkSwedenAustraliarrontrunners ChampionsWO3E au!OOUIIH 8IPPsddndm。UJalppsAustrio CanadaGermany New ZealandUK UAE*South Korea SpainPnrii rnlSaU© Arabia*PolandCro Uruguay*ch hi Ie*China*Russia Malaysia*Brazil'* Thailand' South AfricEcuador* Iraq, Indon SidIran* Morocco* Vietnam*Egypt*Algeria 'Nigeria' * Sene alCarnbOigio *Pakistan* *Zambia* Tanzania*RankRenewableEnergyTracker2023CountryComparisonzwhichcountriesareleading?TheRETassessestherelativeperformanceofcountriesusing20indicatorsand7categoriesmeasuringthelevelofdeployment,investment,ambition,co-benefits,etc.relatedtorenewableenergytoratethemasChampions1Frontrunners5Moderates,TrailersorSlow-starters,asshowninFigure1.Noneofthecountriesareperformingconsistentlybetterthanothers,leavingtheChampionsgroupempty(topperformersarehinderedbytheirhighrelianceonsolidbioenergy).One-thirdofcountriesfallintotheModeratesgroup,furtherhighlightinganoveralllackofconsistencyascountriesareperformingcomparativelybetterinsomecategoriesbutpoorlyinothers.ThreeEmergingandDevelopingEconomies(EMDEs)Occupythetop3places:Chile(1st),Brazil(2nd),andChina(3rd).Theequity-basedanalysisrevealsthatanumberofotheremergingeconomiesaredoingbetterthanadvancedeconomies:Vietnam(13th),Colombia(14th),Jordan(15th),India(17th),Mexico(18th)andMalaysia(19th)allrankamongthetop20.Onthecontrary,anumberofadvancedeconomiesarelaggingbehindandnotlivinguptotheircapabilitiesandresponsibilities.lnparticular,fivehigh-incomecountriesthataremembersoftheG20areintheTrailersandSlow-Startersgroupsandalsoaccountforalmost9%ofglobalGHGemissionsin2021:JapanjCanada5SouthKoreajSaudiArabiaandItaly.SwitzerIand5RussiaandNewZealand,alladvancedeconomies,alsorankamongthetrailers.DespitesomeEMDEsperformingbetterthanothers,intheTrailersandSlowstartersgroups,23countriesoutof30groupsareEMDEs5Whichfutherdemonstratesthechallengesfacedbythesenationsindeployingrenewablesatscale.Thisisespeciallythecaseforcountriesfromsub-SaharanAfrica:whilethelackofinvestmentinthisregionhasbeenlargelydocumentedasakeychallenge,theRETaddsanotherlineofevidencethatevenwhenconsideringequity-basedindicators,thosecountriesareleftbehind.Arecountriesuptospeedtoreach100%renewableenergysystems?Beingafrontrunnerdoesn'tequatetoachievingenough:amongthe9Fronfrunnersjnoneofth