美国名人 美国前第一夫人 埃莉诺·罗斯福.docx

美国名人美国前第一夫人埃莉诺罗斯福EleanorRooseveltWastheMostInfluentialWifeofAnyAmericanPresidentplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:24repeatByShelleyGollust2005-6-25(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutthewomanwhowasthemostinfluentialwifeofanyAmericanpresident,EleanorRoosevelt.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EleanorRooseveltwasthewifeofAmerica'sthirty-secondpresident,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt.Shehelpedherhusbandinmanywaysduringhislongpoliticallife.ShealsobecameoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinAmerica.Shefoughtforequalrightsforallpeople-workers,women,poorpeople,blackpeople.Andshesoughtpeaceamongnations.AnnaEleanorRooseveltwasborninNewYorkCityinEighteeneighty-four.Eleanor'sfamilyhadgreatwealthandinfluence.ButEleanordidnothaveahappychildhood.Hermotherwassickandnervous.Herfatherdidnotwork.Hedranktoomuchalcohol.Hewasnotlikehisolderbrother,TheodoreRooseveltzwhowaslaterelectedpresident.WhenEleanorwaseightyearsold,hermotherdied.Twoyearslater,herfatherdied.Eleanor'sgrandmotherraisedtheRooseveltchildren.Eleanorrememberedthatasachild,hergreatesthappinesscamefromhelpingothers.VOICETWO:Intheearlynineteenhundreds,manypeoplewereconcernedabouttheproblemsofpoorpeoplewhocametoAmericainsearchofabetterlife.EleanorRooseveltcouldnotunderstandhowpeoplelivedinsuchpoorconditionswhilesheandothershadsomuchwealth.Aftershefinishedschool,EleanorbeganteachingchildrentoreadinoneofthepoorestareasofNewYorkCity,called"Hell'sKitchen."Sheinvestigatedfactorieswhereworkersweresaidtobebadlytreated.Shesawlittlechildrenoffourandfive-years-oldworkinguntiltheydroppedtothefloor.Shebecameinvolvedwithotherwomenwhosharedthesameideasaboutimprovingsocialconditions.FranklinRooseveltbeganvisitingEleanor.FranklinbelongedtoanotherpartoftheRooseveltfamily.FranklinandEleanorweremarriedinnineteen-oh-five.Inthenextelevenyears,theyhadsixchildren.VOICEONE:FranklinRooseveltbeganhislifeinpoliticsinNewYork.Hewaselectedtobeastatelegislator.Later;PresidentWoodrowWilsonappointedhimtobeassistantsecretaryoftheNavy.TheRooseveltsmovedtoWashingtoninnineteenthirteen.Itwasthere,afterthirteenyearsofmarriage,thatEleanorRooseveltwentthroughoneofthehardestperiodsofherlife.Shediscoveredthatherhusbandhadfalleninlovewithanotherwoman.Shewantedtoendthemarriage.Butherhusbandurgedhertoremainhiswife.Shedid.Yetherrelationshipwithherhusbandchanged.Shedecidedshewouldnolongerplaythepartofapolitician'swife.Instead,shebegantobuildalifewithinterestsofherown.Innineteentwenty-one,FranklinRooseveltwasstruckbytheterriblediseasepolio.Hewouldneverwalkagainwithouthelp.Hispoliticallifeseemedover,buthiswifehelpedhimreturntopolitics.HewaselectedgovernorofNewYorktwotimes.VOICETWO:EleanorRooseveltlearnedaboutpoliticsandbecameinvolvedinissuesandgroupsthatinterestedher.Innineteentwenty-two,shebecamepartoftheWomen'sTradeUnionLeague.Shealsojoinedthedebateaboutwaystostopwar.InthoseyearsafterWorldWarOne,shearguedthatAmericamustbeinvolvedintheworldtopreventanotherwar."Peaceisthequestionofthehour;"sheoncetoldagroupofwomen."WomenmustworkforpeacetokeepfromIosingtheirlovedones."ThequestionofwarandpeacewasforgottenastheUnitedStatesenteredasevereeconomicdepressioninnineteentwenty-nine.PricessuddenlydroppedontheNewYorkstockmarket.Bankslosttheirmoney.Peoplelosttheirjobs.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FranklinRooseveltwaselectedpresidentinnineteenthirty-two.HepromisedtoendtheDepressionandputAmericansbacktowork.MissusRoosevelthelpedherhusbandbyspreadinginformationabouthisneweconomicprogram.ItwascalledtheNewDeal.Shetraveledaroundthecountrygivingspeechesandvisitingareasthatneededeconomicaid.MissusRooseveltwasdifferentfromthewivesofearlierpresidents.Shewasthefirsttobecomeactiveinpoliticalandsocialissues.Whileherhusbandwaspresident,MissusRooseveltheldmorethanthreehundrednewsconferencesforfemalereporters.Shewroteadailynewspapercommentary.Shewroteformanymagazines.TheseactivitieshelpedspreadherideastoallAmericansandshowedthatwomenhadimportantthingstosay.VOICETWO:OneissueMissusRooseveltbecameinvolvedinwasequalrightsforblackAmericans.Shemetpubliclywithblackleaderstoheartheirproblems.FewAmericanpoliticiansdidthisduringthenineteenthirtiesandnineteenforties.OneincidentinvolvingMissusRooseveltbecameinternationalnews.Innineteenthirty-nine,anAmericansinger,MarianAndersonzplannedaperformanceatConstitutionHallinWashington.Butaconservativewomen'sgrouprefusedtopermithertosingtherebecauseshewasblack.VOICEONE:MissusRooseveltwasamemberofthatorganization,theDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolution.Shepubliclyresignedhermembershiptoprotesttheactionofthegroup.AnopinionstudyshowedthatmostAmericansthoughtshewasright.EleanorRoosevelthelpedtheperformancetobeheldoutdoors,aroundtheLincolnMemorial.MorethanseventythousandpeopleheardMarianAndersonsing.MissusRooseveltwasalwaysconsideredoneofitsstrongestsupportersofthecivilrightsmovement.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:TheUnitedStateswasforcedtoenterWorldWarTwowhenJapaneseforcesattackedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor,Hawaii,inninetee