2022Q4欧盟委员会欧洲电力市场报告.docx

EuropeanCcmmisstonQuarterlyreportOnEuropeanelectricitymarketsWithfocusonpricedevelopmentsin2022MarketObservatoryforEnergyDGEnergyVolume15(issue4,coveringfourthquarterof2022)EnergyDISCLAIMER:ThisreportpreparedbytheMarketObservatoryforEnergyoftheEuropeanCommissionaimsatenhancingpublicaccesstoinformationaboutpricesofelectricityintheMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion.OurgoalistokeepthisInformationtimelyandaccurate.Iferrorsarebroughttoourattention,weWiUtrytocorrectthem.However,theCommissionacceptsnoresponsibilityOrliabilitywhatsoeverwithregardtotheinformationcontainedinthispublication.Copyrightnotice:Reproductionisauthorisedprovidedthesourceisacknowledged.©EuropeanCommission,2023Directorate-GeneralforEnergy,unitA4,MarketObservatoryforEnergy,2023CommissionEuropeenne,B-1049Bruxelles/EuropeseCommissie,B1049Brussel-BelgiumE-mail:ENER-MARKET-OBSERVATORY-QUARTERLY-REPORTSec.europa.euCONTENTHIGHLIGHTSOFTHEREPORT3IELECTRICITYMARKETFUNDAMENTALS41IDemandsidefactors412Supplysidefactors92EUROPEANWHOLESALEMARKETS14)1Europeanwholesaleelectricitymarketsandtheirinternationalcomparison.142.2Tradedvolumesandcrossborderflows271 FOCUSONDEVELOPMENTSINANNUALWHOLESALEPRICES33?IDay-ahedpriceconvergence33)Averageannualpricelevelsandvolatility344REGIONALWHOLESALEMARKETS3641CentralWesternEurope(Austria,Belgium,France,Germany,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,Switzerland)3642BritishIsles(GB,Ireland)3841NorthernEurope(Denmark,Estonia,Finland,Latvia,Lithuania,Sweden,Norway)3944ApenninePeninsula(Italy,Malta)414SIberianPeninsula(SpainandPortugal)4246CentralEasternEurope(Czechia,Hungary,Poland,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia)45d7South-EasternEurope(Bulgaria,Croatia,GreeceandSerbia)47SRETAILMARKETS4951RetailelectricitymarketsintheEU49GLOSSARY57Corrigendum:TheorisinalvcionofthereporthadincorrectfigureforGermanandFrenchEVle11page6.Thihatfowbeencorrected.HIGHLIGHTSOFTHEREPORT Thefourthquarterof2022wasmarkedbydecreasingelectricityconsumption,duetodemanddestructionsupportedbyamildwinterwhichdelayedthestartoftheheatingseasonintheEU.Consequently,sustainedbyhighstoragelevels,gaspriceseasedcomparedwithsummerlevels,helpingtoalleviatewholesaleelectricityprices.However,nucleargenerationremainedlow,puttingupwardpressuretoatightmarket,despiteanincreaseinavailabilitythroughoutQ42022.Thehigher-than-usualtemperaturesduringtherestofthewinterandstoragelevelssupportedaconsiderablefallinthepriceofgas(albeitathigherthanhistoricallevels)and,consequently,ofelectricityinthefollowingmonthsof2023. WholesaleelectricitypricesinEuropeanmarketsbrokeseveralrecordshighduring2022,withanunprecedentedpeakinAugust.TheRussianwarinUkraineaffectedenergymarketsresultinginsubstantialincreasesinprices,volatilityanduncertaintyonenergysupply.Recordhighgasprices,lownuclearfleetavailabilityandreducedhydrooutputduetoadrought,increasedthepressureonthealreadytightmarket.In2022,theEuropeanPowerBenchmarkaveraged230/MWh,121%higherthanin2021.Italyhadthehighestbaseloadelectricityprices(304/MWhonaverage)in20227followedbytheMalta(294/MWh),Greece(2791MWh)andFrance(275fllMWh). WholesaleelectricitypricesinQ42022werelowerthaninthepreviousquarter(Q32022),duetoimprovedfundamentalsinthegasmarket.Lowerdemandandmildweathersupportedlowerprices,butreducednuclearpowergeneration,continuedtoputupwardpressureonwholesaleelectricitymarkets.Thelargestyear-on-yearpriceincreasesinMemberStateswereregisteredinFrance(+342%),Austria(312%),andSlovakia(+310%).PricesinFrancewereinfluencedbythelownuclearoutputandthereversalofnetexportpowerflowsinthecontextofunprecedentedhighgasprices.TheEuropeanPowerBenchmarkwas187/MWhonaverageinQ42022,4%loweronyearlybasis.PricesroseinnineteenmarketsinEurope.ThehighestpricesduringthequarterwererecordedinGreeceandItaly(246and245CMWhtrespectively)andwere11%and1%higherthaninQ42021.ThelowestquarterlyaveragepricesduringQ42022wererecordedininSpainandPortugalat113/MWh,46%lowerthaninQ42021. ElectricityconsumptionintheEUfell(-9%)comparedwithlastyear'slevelsinQ42022,duetotheimpactoftheenergycrisis,supportedbyamildwinter.Moreover,in2022,consumptionacrosstheEUfellby3%comparedwith2021,followingtheimpactofhighelectricitypricesandthesubsequentindustrialdemandreduction. Theshareofrenewablesincreasedto39%in2022(from38%in2021),whileshareoffossilfuelsroseto38%(from36%in2021).In2022,solargenerationroseby26%(+41TWh),onshorewindincreasedby10%(+33TWh)andoffshorewindclimbedby4%(+2TWh),reflectingthelevelofdevelopmentofnewcapacityforthesetechnologies.Thecombinedsolarandwindgenerationincreasedtheiroutputby14%in2022(+76TWh).However,subduedyearlyhydrogenerationfellby17%(-61TWh)onadroughtthataffectedEurope.NucleargenerationremainedunderpressureduetooutagesanddelayedscheduledmaintenanceinFrance.NuclearoutputfeHby17%(-118TWh)in2022. Fossilfuelgenerationroseby3%(+24TWh)in2022,supportedbyreducednuclearandhydrogeneration.Intotal,coal-firedgenerationincreasedby