托福作文写作范文详解rtificati.docx

托福作文写作范文详解ReadingInanefforttoencourageecologicallysustainableforestrypractices,aninternationalorganizationstartedissuingcertificationstowoodcompaniesthatmeethighecologicalstandardsbyconservingresourcesandrecyclingmaterials.Companiesthatreceivethiscertificationcanattractcustomersbyadvertisingtheirproductsaseco-certified.Aroundtheworld,manywoodcompanieshaveadoptednewzecologicallyfriendlypracticesinordertoreceiveeco-certificatio.However,itisunlikelythatwoodcompaniesintheUnitedStateswilldothesamezforseveralreasons.FirstzAmericanconsumersareexposedtosomuchadvertisingthattheywouldnotvalueorevenpayattentiontotheeco-Certificationlabel.Becausesomanymediocreproductsarelabeled'new"orimproved,"Americanconsumersdonotplacemuchtrustinadvertisingclaimsingeneral.Second,eco-certifiedwoodwillbemoreexpensivethanuncertifiedwoodbecauseinordertoearneco-certificationzawoodcompanymustpaytohaveitsbusinessexaminedbyacertificationagency.ThisadditionalcostgetspassedontoConsumers-Americanconsumerstendtobestronglymotivatedbypricezandthereforetheyarelikelytochoosecheaperuncertifiedwoodproducts.Accordingly,Americanwoodcompanieswillprefertokeeptheirpriceslowratherthanobtaineco-certification.ThirdzalthoughsomepeopleclaimthatitalwaysmakesgoodbusinesssenseforAmericancompaniestokeepupwiththedevelopmentsintherestoftheworld,thisargumentisnotconvincing.PursuingcertificationwouldmakesenseforAmericanwoodcompaniesonlyiftheymarketedmostoftheirproductsabroad.Butthatisnotthecase-AmericanwoodbusinessessellmostoftheirproductsintheUnitedStates,cateringtoaverylargecustomerbasethatissatisfiedwiththemerchandise.ListeningWellzdespitewhatmanypeoplesayzthereisagoodreasontothinkthatmanyAmericanwoodcompanieswilleventuallyseekeco-certificationforthewoodproducts.Firstoff,companiesintheUnitedStatesdon'ttreatalladvertisingthesame.Theydistinguishbetweenadvertisingclaimsthatcompaniesmakeabouttheirownproductsandclaimsmadebyindependentcertificationagencies.Americanshavealotofconfidenceinindependentagencies.ThusecologicalmindedAmericansarelikelytoreactveryfavorablytowoodproductsecologicallycertifiedbyindependentorganizationwithaninternationalreputationfortrustworthiness.SecondpointzofcourseitistruethatAmericanconsumerscarealotaboutpricezwhodoesn't?Butstudiesofhowconsumersmakedecisionsshowthatpricealonedeterminesconsumers'decisionsonlywhenthepriceofonecompetingproductsismuchhigherorlowerthantheother.Whenthedifferencebetweentwoproductsissmall,sayzlessthan5percent,asisthecasewithcertifiedwood,Americanoftendochooseonfactoriesotherthanprice.AndAmericansarebecomingincreasinglyconvincedofthevalueofpreservingandprotectingtheenvironmentAndthird,USWoodcompaniesshoulddefinitelypayattentionwhatisgoingoninthewoodbusinessinternationally.Notbecauseofforeignconsumersbutbecauseofforeigncompetitors.AsIjusttoldyouzthereisagoodchancethatmanyAmericanconsumerswillbeinterestedineco-certifiedproducts,andguesswhy?IfAmericancompaniesareslowcapturingthoseconsumers,youcanbesurethatforeigncompanieswillsoonstartcrowdingintotheAmericanmarkets,offeringeco-certifiedwoodthatdomesticcompaniesdon't.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:UScompaniesmaynotadopttheeco-certification.Subpoint1:USconsumerswouldnotvalueorpayattentiontothelabel.Subpoint2:CertifiedwoodwillbemoreexpensiveandUSconsumersarestronglymotivatedbyprice.Subpoint3:AmericanwoodcompaniessellproductsintheUS.LectureAttitude:USwoodcompanieswilleventuallyseekeco-certification.SubPoint1:Lotofconfidenceinindependentagencies.(Reactfavorablytocertifiedproduct.)SubPoint2:Americanvaluepreservingandprotectingtheenvironment.SubPoint3:Woodcompaniesshouldpayattentioninternationally.(Foreigncompetitors,consumersneedbrands.)范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Thelectureandthereadingpassagepresentcontradictoryopinionsonthetopicofeco-certificationzaformofaccreditationconferredbyoninternationalagencyinrecognitionofacompany'secofriendlypractices.ThereadingpassageexplainsthatitisnotnecessaryforAmericanlumbercompaniestopursueeco-certificationzwhilethelectureprovidesseveralcounterargumentsforwhytheoppositeisthecase.此段功能：(Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替)(Readingpassage后文用R代替)开头段说道L和R关于一个环保牌照持相反意见，随后解释了环保牌照是一家国际环保机构颁发的。R认为美国木材公司不需要此牌照，但是L认为相反。此段结构：开头段作者先展示了L和R的对立关系，解释了对立的原因和分别复述了LzR各自的立场。Paragraph2FirstzthelecturerarguesthatthereadingpassageistoogeneralinitsstatementthatAmericanconsumersrejectadvertisingcompletely.HeassertsthatAmericansdonottrustadvertisingclaimsforaproductwhentheseclaimsaremadebythecompanythatsellstheproduct.Whenaclaimismadebyanindependentthirdpartyzsuchasawoodcertificationcompany,heposits,consumersrespondverypositivelywithastrongeracceptanceofthecertifiedproduct.此段功能：在第一点的论证上，作者说R认为美国顾客排斥广告太泛泛了。L解释美国人不相信那些自己公司做广告卖自己产品的，但是当证明是第三方机构，例如一个木材验证公司，顾客还是反应十分积极的。此段结构：此段为分总结构，作者先陈述了R的想法，然后用一系列的L的证明来说明R的想法太空洞。Paragraph3Thelectureralsorefutesthesecondpointinthereading:thatprice-sensitiveAmericanconsumersarelikelytochooseinexpensivewoodproductsregardlessofcertification.Theprofessorcontendsthatcertifiedwoodisonlyslightly(lessthan