国际贸易术语(9).ppt
1. Concept of IT (World / Foreign /Overseas Trade) IT VS. Domestic Trade2. Reasons For IT: Resource Reasons Economic Reasons Theory of Comparative Advantage Other Reasons 3. Visible Trade VS. Invisible Trade:4. Benefits of IT: Incoterms 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则年国际贸易术语解释通则- International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms- are internationally accepted commercial terms defining the respective roles of the buyer and seller in the arrangement of transportation and other responsibilities and clarify when the ownership of the merchandise takes place. Risks （风险）Responsibilities (责任)Charges （费用）Four Groups, Thirteen Price Terms: - Group E, F, C, D Group E , Departure（发货）（发货） EXW: Ex Works (named place) Group F , Main Carriage Unpaid（主要运费未付）（主要运费未付） FCA: Free Carrier (named place) FAS: Free Alongside Ship (named port of Shipment) FOB: Free On Board (named port of Shipment) Group C , Main Carriage Paid（主要运费已（主要运费已付）付） CFR: Cost & Freight (named port of destination) CIF: Cost, Insurance & Freight (named port of destination) CPT: Carriage Paid To (named place of destination) CIP: Carriage & Insurance Paid To (named place of destination) Group D , Arrival （到达）（到达） DAF: Delivered At Frontier (named place) DES: Delivered Ex Ship (named port of destination) DEQ: Delivered Ex Quay (named port of destination) DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid (.named place of destination) DDP: Delivered Duty Paid ( named place of destination)EXWFCA, CPT, CIPexporterwarehouserailwaystationairportwharfimporterwarehouseDDUDDPexporterimporterfrontierEXcustomsIMcustomsDAFFOB, CFR, CIFFASDESDEQUS$ - United States DollarsStg. - Pound SterlingDM - Deutsche MarkJ￥ - Japanese YenHK$ - Hongkong DollarsSFr / SF- Swiss FrancF.Fr / FF- French Franc Pricing : 1. Cost Structure: production, selling and delivery, customs duties 2. Pricing considerations: 3. Pricing strategies: a. Break-even pricing b. Cost-plus pricing c. Marginal cost pricing 4. Other methods of pricing: a. Fixed price b. Flexible price c. Partial fixed and partial unfixed price d. Floating Price Choice of currency: hard currency VS. soft currency Commission & discount: quantity discount cash discount special discount net price Price clause: unit price & total price US$ 6.54 PER SET CIFC5 BARCELONA计价货币计价单位单位金额价格术语佣金率交货目的地l每件125美元成本加保险费、运费至纽约港净价。lUS $ 125 PER PC. CIFC3% NEW YORK FF 150 PER PC FOB SHANGHAI LESS 1% DISCOUNT. USD125 PER PC. CIF NET NEW YORK每件125美元成本加保险费、运费至纽约港含3佣金。每件150法国法郎FOB 转运港上海净价减1%折扣。Import Procedures: (FOB, L/C) 1. Import license 2. Trade negotiation 3. L/C 4. Booking shipping space or ship 5. Insurance 6. Documents examination & payment 7. Customs Clearance 8. Taking delivery & inspection 9. Claim 10. Settlement of dispute Export procedures: (CIF, L/C) 1. Export license 2. Trade negotiations 3. Cargo readiness 4. L/C 5. Customs clearance 6. Shipping 7. Insurance 8. Document & payment进口：进口：开立开立审核进口单据审核进口单据进口货物报验进口货物报验清关纳税交付清关纳税交付进进 出出 口口 合合 同同 履履 行行 出口：准备货物出口：准备货物 审核审核 托运订舱托运订舱 报关投保报关投保 装运制单装运制单 议付结汇议付结汇Modes of transportation: Sea Transport / Ocean Transport（海洋运输）（海洋运输） Rail Transport（铁路运输）（铁路运输） Air Transport（航空运输）（航空运输） Road/Inland Waterway/Parcel Post/Pipeline Transport（公路、内河、邮政和管道运输）（公路、内河、邮政和管道运输） Container Transport（集装箱运输）（集装箱运输） International Multi-modal Transport/ international Combined Transport 国际多式运输国际多式运输/ 国际联合运输国际联合运输 Kinds of vessels: 1. Liner Transport （班轮运输（班轮运输-定期船定期船运输）运输） 2. Charter Transport（租船运输（租船运输-整船或部分舱位）整船或部分舱位） -Voyage Charter / Trip Charter （ 定程租船定程租船/航次租船）航次租船） single trip charter（单程航次租船）（单程航次租船） return trip charter （来回程航次租船）（来回程航次租船） consecutive voyages （连续航次程租船）（连续航次程租船） -Time Charter （定期租船）（定期租船） -Time Charter on Trip Basis - TCT（航次期租）（航次期租） 3. Tramp -不定航次不定期的货轮不定航次不定期的货轮 4. Tanker- 油轮（油罐轮船油轮（油罐轮船 / 车车 / 飞机）飞机） Roles of shipping & forwarding agents: Shipping procedures: Freight rate Liners Freight Rate（班轮运费）（班轮运费）-Tariff （运（运价表）价表） Freight Ton（运费吨）：（运费吨）： 1. WT- “W” (weight ton) 重量吨重量吨- 1 MT/LT 2. MT- “M” (measurement ton) 尺码吨尺码吨-1 m3 / 40f 33. Ad valorem-”A.V. ”/ “AD VAL” 从价运费从价运费 - 按货物的按货物的FOB总价值计收总价值计收4. “W/M” - 按货物的重量和尺码从高计收按货物的重量和尺码从高计收5. “W/M or AD VAL”- 按三者从高计收按三者从高计收6. “W/M Plus AD VAL”-按货物的重量和尺按货物的重量和尺码从高者再加上从价运费码从高者再加上从价运费7. According to unit / head ect. - 按件计费按件计费.8. Open Rate （议价收费）（议价收费）- 临时议定运价临时议定运价 Various Surcharge/additional fees （班轮附加（班轮附加费）：费）： heavy lift additional (超重附加费超重附加费) long length additional(超长附加费超长附加费) direct additional(直航附加费直航附加费) transhipment surcharge(转船附加费转船附加费) port surcharge(港口附加费港口附加费) port congestion surcharge (港口拥挤附加费港口拥挤附加费) optional fees(选择港附加费选择港附加费) alteration surcharge(变更卸货港附加费变更卸货港附加费)1. B/L - Ocean Bill of Lading （海运提单）（海运提单） - document of title （货物所有权的凭证）（货物所有权的凭证） on board B/L; shipped B/L- 已装船提单已装船提单 received for shipment B/L - 备用提单（收讫待运提单）备用提单（收讫待运提单） clean B/L -清洁提单清洁提单 unclean B/L; foul B/L-不清洁提单不清洁提单 straight B/L - 记名提单记名提单 blank/open/bearer B/L - 不记名提单（来人抬头提单不记名提单（来人抬头提单 / 货交货交提单持有人）提单持有人） order B/L -指示提单（指示提单（to order / to the order of to the order of shipper ） direct B/L - 直达提单直达提单 tr
