货币金融学第一章.ppt
Copyright 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Appendix to Chapter 1第一章附录第一章附录Defining Aggregate Output, Income, the Price Level, and the Inflation Rate对总产出、总收入、价格对总产出、总收入、价格水平以及通货膨胀率的定水平以及通货膨胀率的定义义 Copyright 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.1-2Aggregate Output and Aggregate Income Aggregate Output Gross Domestic Product (GDP) = market value of all final goods and services produced in the domestic economy during a particular year Aggregate Income Total income of the factors of production (land, capital, labor) during a particular year Distinction Between Nominal and Real Nominal = values measured using current prices Real = quantities measured with constant pricesCopyright 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.1-3Aggregate Output and Aggregate Income 总产出与总收入总产出与总收入 总产出总产出 国内生产总值国内生产总值(gross domestic product，GDP)是是最经常使用的总产出的指标，指的是一个国家在一年中所最经常使用的总产出的指标，指的是一个国家在一年中所生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。 总收入总收入 总收入总收入(aggregate income)是指在一年中生产要素是指在一年中生产要素(factors of production，土地、劳动力和资本，土地、劳动力和资本)在生在生产产品和服务的过程中所获得的全部收入。产产品和服务的过程中所获得的全部收入。 实际量与名义量的区别实际量与名义量的区别 名义量名义量 =使用现价被测量的价值使用现价被测量的价值 实际量实际量 =以不变的价格测量数量以不变的价格测量数量Copyright 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.1-4Aggregate Price Level物价总水平物价总水平 Aggregate price level is a measure of average prices in the economyOne measure of the price level is the GDP DeflatorGDP Deflator = nominal GDPreal GDPAnother measure is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)The CPI is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of goods and servicesCopyright 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.1-5Aggregate Price Level物价总水平物价总水平 物价总水平被定义为经济社会中平均价格的指标。物价总水平被定义为经济社会中平均价格的指标。 第一种是第一种是GDP平减指数平减指数(GDP deflator)，它等于，它等于名义名义GDP除以实际除以实际GDP的商。的商。 另一个被广泛使用的物价总水平指标是消费者物价另一个被广泛使用的物价总水平指标是消费者物价指数指数(consumer price index，CPI)。 消费者物价指数消费者物价指数(Consumer Price Index)，是，是对城市家庭所购买的一揽子产品和服务定价的衡量，对城市家庭所购买的一揽子产品和服务定价的衡量，主要反映消费者支付商品和劳务的价格变化情况。主要反映消费者支付商品和劳务的价格变化情况。 Copyright 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.1-6Growth Rates and the Inflation Ratett-1t-1A growth rate is the percentage change in a variablex -xGrowth rate = (100)x$9.5 trillion - $9 trillionGDP growth rate = (100) = 5.6%$9 trillion113 - 111Inflation rate = (100) = 1.8%111Copyright 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.1-7Growth Rates and the Inflation Rate增长率与通货膨胀率增长率与通货膨胀率 增长率被定义为某一变量变动的百分比。增长率被定义为某一变量变动的百分比。 增长率增长率(xtxt1) x t1100 GDP增长率增长率(9.5万亿美元万亿美元9万亿美元万亿美元)/ 9万亿万亿美元美元100=5.6% 通货膨胀率通货膨胀率(113111)/ 111100=1.8%
