外文文献 中小企业品牌战略研究分析 俄罗斯入世对中国纺织品贸易的冲击与影响.docx

课题名称：中小企业品牌战略研究RussianAccessionToTheWTOOnChinaTexti1.eTradeImpactDVIDE.MI1.1.STcxdai1.y/Dcc/2006nNovember19.2O()6.RussiaandtheUnitedStatessignedabi1.atera1.agreementRussia,afteryearsofefforts.Russia'saccessiontotheWTOontheroadtofina1.1.yremovethegreatestobstac1.c.ifa1.1.goeswe1.1.,theyear2007isexpectedtobecomeRussia'sWrOmembership.Texti1.esareChinaandRussia(SovietUnion)tradeintraditiona1.connodities,andChina'smainexportCOmmOdi1.iCSone.ButafterihcbreakupoftheSovietUnion,byRussiagraycustomsc1.cxranccandotherfactors,thebi1.atera1.texti1.etradehasbeeninchaos.1most1.argeenterprisesentered,these1.f-emp1.oyedandSMEstotakea1.ead-ingro1.einRussia'sbusinessinterestsinsecurity,commoditiespoorreputation.Russia'saccessiontotheWTO1Iradcenvironmentwi1.1.beimproved,Ibrought1.argeenterprisestoenterthedawn.ASino-Russiantexti1.etradestatusRussiantexti1.eexportsisoneofthemajormarkets,withtheacce1.erate<1.paceofRussia'saccessiontotheWTO,Isawabigf1.uctuations.Accordingtocustomsstatistics,in2(X)5theSino-Russiantradevo1.umeoftexti1.esandgarmentsto6.218bi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.ars,anincreaseof35%.Withinthistota1.China'sexportsto6.213bi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.ars,increasingby35.4%andimports4.8mi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.ars,down21.6%.China,stexti1.eexportstoRussia47%ofthetota1.In2006,bi1.atera1.tradehaswitnessedrapidgrowthrunscountertothetrend,thebi1.atera1.texti1.etradehasbeenasubstantia1.drop49.8bi1.1.iondo1.1.ars,adropof19.9%.basicforChina'sexports.ChineseexportstoRussiasharehasdroppedto32%.Russiain2(X)5fromnyfirstfive1.argestexportmarketretreatedNo.7.2.Russiatexti1.etradethemainprob1.ems(1Xjrayc1.earanceGrayc1.earanceoftheChinesetexti1.eandappare1.tradedisordercauses.I-hisdirect1.ycausedthemainissuesinc1.ude:One,intheinterestsoftheRussianChambercanno1.begua11j11iccd.Theabsenceof1.egitimategoodsc1.earancecertificates,makingtheRussianChamberofTradeaspowerfu1.departmentsarbitraryraidstargetedheavy1.osses.2.thetwosidesstatistics,thedifferencesdonotref1.ecttheactua1.trade.AccordingtoRussianexpertsestimatedthatwi1.1.takeaboutayearRussiaimported15bi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.arsoftexti1.esandgarmentstomeetdemandonthedomesticmarket.Russiancustomsstatistics,in2005theimportstatisticson1.y1.23bi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.ars,ofwhich800mi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.arsc1.othing,anda1.1.theimportsfromChina,importsfromothercountriesfai1.ingbasicstatistics.FromJanuaryoSeptember2006,importsoftexti1.esandgarments1.23bi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.ars(Ibi1.1.ionUSdo1.1.arsc1.othing).3.1.argeChineseenterprisescannotdirect1.yentertheRussianmarket.1.ackofforeignexchangeresevesandRussia'stradeenvironmenttriggeredworryaboutthemarketrisk,and1.argeenterprisesmost1.ythroughcross-bordertrade,who1.esa1.e,inRussia,orIhrOughthese1.f-emp1.oyedsa1.es,moditiescredibi1.itybeenaffected.Becauseno1.egitimatec1.earancecertificates,theon1.yChinesetexti1.eproductsonthemarket,cannotenterthestoreorconventiona1.ma1.1.s.Isoftenbrandedasthe"smugg1.inggoods"inthehat.1.eadingChinesegoodsontheimageandcredibi1.ityhasnothigh.5.merchantsbecometargeted.InRussiaagainsti1.1.ega1.customsc1.earancecompanies,inthecourseoftheRussianChamberofeasi1.ybeingimp1.icatedasanaccomp1.iceinthesmugg1.ingandthetargetstobeattacked.(2)Russia'suni1.atera1.actionshaveresu1.tedinmyt11iiningpartner.2006accompaniedPutinonthetrainingofthejudiciarjandtheWTointensifiedthepaceRUSSiatorectifythemarketorderhasgradua1.1.yexpandedShow.In2()06.Russianoton1.yin(heMoscowregion,buta1.soinotherregionsofthebigmarketforanumberofraids.Meanwhi1.e,therep1.acementoftheDirectorofCustoms.Customsofficia1.soveragraycustomsc1.earancedropped.Ductothenorma1.c1.earanceimpeded,irregu1.arc1.earanceaddsanothersurface,1.eadingtodirectRussiantexti1.etradedrop,sometraderswereforcedtoKazakhstanandKyrgyzsianbyotherre-exports.Inparticu1.ar.RussiaintroducedIaicIaMyearagainstforeignersengagedinretai1.tradepo1.icies,themajorityoftheRussianChamberofconfusioninthefuture,nottorushintoanotherpurchase.(3)RussianaccessiontotheWTOonbi1.atera1.texti1.etradeimpactRussia,saccessiontotheWTO.theimmediate1.'u1.rc.ChinaandRussiawi1.1.bringaboutsometexti1.etradeshocksandI1.uctuations.Themajorreasonsarc:1. ARussiantradeenvironmenthasa1.waysbeenStatescomp1.ained(hatafterWTOCnIry,torectifytheorderOfopCraIiOnwi1.1.beRussia'saccessiontotheWTOafteroneofthetoppriorities.2. 11e,Chinathreatt1.wory,*anduChineseimmigrant*inRussiansocietyandtheofficia1.sarecertainmarket,andIbreignersareprohibitedinthemarketforthewho1.esa1.ebusinesscanbeviewedasrestrictionsonChineseparticipationin1.hcRussianeconomywerethefirststepfurthermeasurestakenremainstobeseen.3. ChinesebusinessmenfromtheRussianmarketafterthewho1.esa1.ebusiness,intheshortICnTKbo1.hcanhard1.yestab1.ishnewtradeandwaytobefi1.1.ed,wi1.1.1.eadtodirectbi1.atera1.texti1.etradehasbeenshrinking.4. theRussianCustomspo1.icychangesattheimp1.ementationofstandardsthroughoutAfteraccessiontoIheWTOwi1.1.beincreasedadjustmentandrestructuringefforts.Foreignenterprisestoadapttothechangesin