专题07 阅读理解之说明文三年真题汇编（21-23）2023年真题变式题汇编（解析版）.docx

专题07IS读理解之说明文三年真题汇编（21-23）（2023全国统考高考真题）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldccluttcr.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldecIuttcr.Indoingso,lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You,llheartheseparticipants*storiesandIeamwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培养）asustainabledigitalminimalismIifesiyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.1. Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.2. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutler“inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.3. Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.4. Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。1 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideirsrightforyou.（这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学）“可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。2 .词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouVaIUe.（这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动）“可推知，画线词“dechnter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。3 .推理判断题。通过文章第四段“InthefinalChapterofpartone,llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldecluttcr.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理）“可推知，第部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。4 .推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“YoucanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularCirCUmStanCeS.（你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）“可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。（2023全国统考高考真题）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon,tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（转折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn,tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogeth