(核心素养测评)四十选修8Unit5Meetingyourancestors含解析.docx

核心素养测评四十选修8Unit5Meetingyourancestors（限时35分钟）I.阅读理解IfConfUCiUS（孔子）werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He,dneedastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonthisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It,snothingpersonal.Mostmericansdon,tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn,tmeanthatAmericansdon,tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludeChineseart,historyandPhiloSOPhy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacks（缺点）ofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker,sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了西方学生学习中国文化的现象，并告诉我们中国古代伟大的思想家一一孔子的思想仍然受到人们的追捧。1. Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto_.providesomekeyfactsaboutConfuciusB. attractthereaders,interestinthesubjectC. showgreatrespectfortheancientthinkerD. provethepopularityofmodernbirthdaycelebrations【解析】选B。目的意图题。第一段说如果孔子仍然活着并能庆祝生日的话，将会有很多的蜡烛，他需要很大的风才能吹灭蜡烛，是为了吸引读者的注意力，让读者继续读下去。2. WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB. takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC. trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD. fightforachancetolearnChinese【解析】选o推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.”和第六句中的“areracingtolearnChinesew可知，美国学生对中国文化很感兴趣。3. Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?.ForgottenWisdominAmericaB. HugeFansoftheChinese1.anguageC. ChineseCultureforWesternersD. OldThinkerwithaBigFuture【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了孔子思想对西方的影响，许多美国学生、商人等竞相学习中国文化，社会学家希望用中国古人的智慧来弥补西方哲学的缺点。【知识拓展】长难句分析1. InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.分析：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词bridge。翻译：如果外国人想要更加深入地了解中国，孔子在许多方面是他们不得不跨过的桥。2. SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.分析：that引导宾语从句。翻译：许多社会学家建议西方人应该利用中国古代智慧去弥补西方哲学的缺点。II.阅读填句WhydoChineselikedrinkinghotwater?InWesterncountries,drinkinghotwaterisn,tcommon.1.2ABritishman,whohasbeeninBeijingforoverfiveyears,visitedalocalcafeduringhistripinEngland.HesaidtoafriendlywaitressinaclassyBritishaccent,“CanIhaveaglassofhotwater,please?wThewaitress,eyeswidened.Shewassoconfused."To.to.todrink?”shereplied.WesternersareascuriousaboutwhyChinesepeopledrinkhotwaterasChinesearecuriousaboutwhyWesternersdrinkcoldwater.Thisculturaldifferenceisnotasimpleissue,butrelatedtohistory,culture,andscience.WhendidChinesestarttodrinkhotwater?3Archaeologistsfoundpotterydatingto20,000yearsago.Theybelievethepotterywasusedtocookfoodandheatwater.DrinkinghotwaterisconsideredtobehealthieramongChinesepeople._4Bodies,normaltemperatureis37C,whichkeepsthesmoothflowofbloodcycleandtheregularoperationofthebody,sorgans.Coldwaterhastheeffectofslowing.5Ifthebodyistooweaktowarmup,someSyndronleS（症状）maypresentthemselves,likecoldhandsandfeet,aweakdesiretoeatfood,poordigestionorbodypain.Thereisastoryonline.B. Theanswerliesinhistory.C. Itiseasytoprovideanaccurateanswer.D. Westernersoftendrinkwithicealmosteveryday.E. Drinkingcoldwaterleadstoanimbalanceoftemperatureinsideabody.F. Hotwaterwasreservedforthepregnantwomen,theelderlyandthesick.G. Whendrinkingcoldwater,youwillconsumemoreenergytowarmup.【文章大意】本文属于说明文，介绍中国人喜欢喝热水的原因。1 .【解析】i½Do根据前句InWesterncountries,drinkinghotwaterisn,tcommon.可知，本段描述西方人的喝水习惯，喝热水不常见，习惯喝冰水，故D选项，承接上一句，切题，故选D。2 .【解析】选Ao分析本段可知，本段主要讲述一个在北京生活了五年多的英国人去英国餐厅要热水时，女服务员很迷惑、惊讶。可知，本段讲了一个故事，故A选项符合。3 .【解析】选B。根据后文ArChaeOIogiStSfoundpotterydatingto20,000yearsago.Theybelievethepotterywasusedtocookfoodandheatwater.可知，考古学家发现两万年前的陶器，他们认为这些陶器是用于煮食物和烧热水的，可知，中国人什么时候开始喝热水的答案可以从历史中找到，故选B。4 .【解析】选Eo根据后文Bodies,normaltemperatureis37C,whichkeepsthesmoothflowofbloodcycleandtheregularoperationofthebody,sorgans.Coldwaterhastheeffectofslowing.可知，人体正常温度为37摄氏度，这个温度保证正常的血液循环和身体器官的运行，喝冷水会影响人体的温度，故E选项切题，选E。5 .【解析】选G。根据后文Ifthebodyistooweaktowarmup,somesyndromesmaypresentthemselves,likecoldhandsandfeet.可知，身体温度过低，就会出现一些症状，故本段描述喝冷水可能造成的一些影响，故选G。II1.完形填空ItwasmyfirstdaytoMissHargrove,sseventhgrade.Pas