专题08非谓语动词（讲练）（原卷版）.docx

专题08非谓语动词非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。分词初中阶段不作讨论。我们从中考题中分析，非谓语动词通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。对于非谓语动词语法能力考察集中于以下两点：（1）动词不定式（2）动名词、现在分词考向分析：中考对于非谓语动词的考察要求考生们：（1）掌握非谓语动词的定义；（2）掌握动词不定式的用法；（3）掌握一些特殊结构。不定式真题研析规律探寻1. （2023广州语法选择）HewasnotfastenoughtheWormS（虫子）MamaBirdbroughtback.【答案】D【解析】句意：他没有那么快的去拿到鸟妈妈带回来的虫子。get得到,动词原形；got过去式;getting现在分词；Ioget不定式。EnOUgh+todo”足够去做某事“。故选Do2. （2023扬州）Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhavepreparedtheSTEAMClub.A.joinBJoiningC.tojoinD.tojoining【答案】C【解析】句意：科学是我最喜欢的科目，所以我己经准备加入STEAM俱乐部了。考查非谓语动词。PreParetodoSth”准备做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式，故选C。3. （2023天津）DavidIearntwhenhewasfive.A.swimB.swimsC.swamD.toswim【答案】D【解析】句意：大卫五岁时学习游泳。考查非谓语动词。IeamtOdoSth”学习做某事”，为固定短语，故选D,核心提炼考向探究动词不定式：to+doA、不定式语法作用不定式的作用例句作主语TOIeamisveryimportant.TOdriveintherightisnotallowedhere.注意：不定式作主语时，可置句首。如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。重点句式:l.Itiswas+adjn.+todo（做什么。是。）©Itwasdifficulttoanswerthequestion.重点句式：2.Itiswas+adj.+forsthsb.+todo.3.Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo©Itisnecessaryforthisdoortobelocked.Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.4.Ittakes/tooksb.+时间+todosth.5. sb.+be+adj.+todosth.6. think11nd+it+adj.+todosth.作表语Themostimportantthingisnottogiveup.作宾语lwanttoswiminthepool.Theyintendtopostponethetrip.Agoodtranslatorishardtofind.作定语Givehimanornamenttopolish.（2）1needavolunteertotaketheminutes.作状语Theofficerreturnedtohelp.（目的状语）Myparentswillbehappytomeetyou.（原因状语）B不定式的疑问式“疑问词+t。do”结构，相当于相应的从句1don'tknowwhattosay.Idon,tknowwhattodo.Idon'tknowhowtodoit.Idon,tknowwhattodoaboutit.C不定式的否定式TheteacherwarnedKatenottosleepinclass.TheteachertoldSallynottogiveupplayingthepianoeventhoughshehadnotimeD省略to的不定式省略to的不定式常有let,make,see,hear,watch«而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to,也可以省略toDon,tletyourchildplaywithfire.Theloudmusicmademewant（oleave.动名词真题研析规律探寻1. （2023江苏淮安）Wehadmuchdifficultytheproblem.Wereallywentthroughahardtime.A. to solveB. solvingC. solveD. solved【答案】B【答案】句意：我们解决这个问题有很大困难。我们确实经历了一段艰难的时期。考查非谓语动词。根据“Wehadmuchdifficulty.”可知，此处考杳动词短语havedifficulty（in）doing“做某事有困难”,因此用动名词SolVingo故选B。2. （2023上海）fordogfoodandvisitingthevetarereallyexpensive.A.PayB.TopayC.PaidD.Paying【答案】D【答案】句意：花钱买狗粮和去看兽医真的很贵。此句是and连接的两个动名词短语做主语，由“andvisitingthevet”可知，空格处用动名词，故选D。核心提炼考向探究形式：动名词与现在分词同型（v-ing）起到名词的作用动名词的作用例句作主语（谓语动词为单数）ReadinghelpsyouIeamEnglish.作宾语（有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语；有的加介词后动名词作其宾语）l.Hequitsmokingayearago.2.1lookforwardtohelpingyoupaintthehouse.It+形容词+动名词Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.(此类形容词还包括：better>wonderful、enjoyableinteresting>Ibolish>difficult>useless>senseless>worthwhile)作表语（对主语进一步说明，相当于一个名词）LMyjobisteaching.2.Seeingisbelieving.作定语（表示用途或性质）1. aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming2. amovingtruck=atruckformoving.常见非谓语考向常用的带动词不定式t。do的词want,wouldlike,agree,decide,refuse,learntoo.todo,adj.+enoughtodo常用的带todo做宾语补足语（V.+sb.+todo）的词asksb.(not)todosth.,tellsb.(not)todosthwant,wouldlike,wish,teach,allow,encourage,help,warn.常用的不带t。的情况let,make,hadbetter,see,hear,watch常用的只带doing的词Keep,enjoy,practise,finish,mindbebusydoing,spend.(in)doingsuggestdoing,preferdoingtodoing介词+doing动词接Ving和todo的区别有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式todo,也可以加动名词doing,但是它们的中文意思不同。如：stoptodosomething停止手中事，去做另一件事slopdoingsomething停止正在做的事-remember/forget/regrettodosomething记得/忘记Z遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）.remember/forget/regretdoingsomething记得Z忘记/遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）trytodosomething设法，努力去做，尽力trydoingsomething试试去做，看有何结果, mean Io do something 打算做，企图做.mean doing something 意思是，意味着当谓语动词是感观动词时，其形式是：谓语动词+sb./sth.+do/doing,如：watch sb. do观看某人做了某事watch sb. doing观看某人正在做某事hear sb. do听见某人做了某事hear sb. doing听见某人正在做某事但用法有区别：see sb. do看见某人做了某事see sb. doing看见某人正在做某事find sb. do发现某人做了某事find sb. doing发现某人正在做某事题型特训命题预测一、选择填空1. (2023长春)WeexpecttheworldChinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.A.understandingB.tounderstandC.understoodD.understand2. (2023南通)healthy,we,vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.A.KeepingB.KeepC.TokeepD.Tokeeping3. (2023辽宁盘锦)Theseflowersdon,talwaysneed,soyouthemeveryday.A.towater;don'tneedtowaterB.watering;needn,ttowaterC.towater;don,tneedwaterD.watering;don'tneedtowater4. （2023江苏扬州）Thecareerhedevotedhimselftohimbypeopleallovertheworld.A.made;rememberedB.making;rememberC.making;wasrememberedD.made;toremember5. （2023湖南湘西）Ioftenpracticethepianointhemorning,butmyneighborsdon,tmindthesound.A.play;hearingB.playing;hearingC.playing;tohear6. （2023,江苏淮安）Wehadmuchdifficultytheproblem.Wereallywentthroughahardtime.A.tosolveB.solvingC.solveD.solved7. （2023江苏扬州二模）oureyesight,weshouldpayattentiontothedistancebetweenoureyesandt