热点08自然环境及文学艺术（阅读理解之简答题）（原题版）.docx

热点08自然环境及文学艺术阅读理解之简答题命题趋势1、文本特点0体裁多样化，以信件、故事、人物小传、采访、便条为主;0人文性强、体验性强、生活性强、哲理性强、探索性强。2、命题思路在语篇中获取事实信息；0在语篇中推测隐含意义；口在语篇中理解和归纳主旨大意。0细节题，能在原文中找到。关键要细心，细心，再细心！答题要信息完整。0通常最后一个问题属于开放性题目。做这种题目时，必须看懂有关内容及前因后果，因为开放性题目的答案可以有许多，只要言之有理，都能得分。口书面回答问题时，不同问题类型的回答方式不同。近几年中考D篇文本归纳年份文本特征文本梗概主题及特点2022故事讲述小男孩把fruitbowl听成football，在除夕夜送航期足球的事件介绍主题：人与自我、人与社会生活学习、IftA蟒、抑的1、社会文化）特在：人文囹（知、情、意）体蛤性强（经蛤）翊曙（!三4¾.Pl）哲理屋思考空间）维睦（甑力，PlB&tt）2021采访片段带着残疾兄弟一起参加铁人三项获胜者的采访2020人物小传微型雕刻家WiIlard的成长故事2019经验便条四位学生在LaIIre通师的要求下写下自己的人生经验2018故事叙述一只被小偷怵记的珍贵茶壶的故事2017故事叙述双胞胎姐妹互换人生参与周末课程出洋相的故事2016观点冲突的来往信件关于做家务持不同看法的孩子与父国的信件往来2015魂在冲突的来往信件美于七岁孩子不信圣诞老人，父母假装圣诞老人给予回复保留孩子天真的信件往来误区1：回答不完整例1.WheredothewriterandhisgrandpagoeverySaturday?回答：Thenursinghome.（文中原句为：EverySaturday,GrandpaandIwalktothenursinghometo.）正确答案为：Tothenursinghome例2.Wherewastheexhibitionheld?回答：Ahall.（文中原句为:Hehired（租用）ahall.）正确答案为：Inahan解题技巧点拨:Where提问，»»»用“介词+地方”回答例3.Howmanysheeparecoming?回答：Twohundred.（文中原句为:Therewereabouttwohundredsheepcomingtowardsusdownthehill.）所以正确答案为：Abouttwohundred.解题技巧点拨：数字前的修饰词，如morethan,lessthan,almost,nearly,about等一定不能忘例4.HowlonghashestayedinBeijing?回答：Tendays.（正确答案为：Fortendays）对比：5.HowlongdidittakeMr.Smithtoreachthegroundflronemorning?回答：Foralmost10minutes.（文中原句为:Anthistookhimalmost10minutes.）正确答案为：Almost10minutes.解题技巧点拨：HoWlong应用“for+一段时间”来回答，但在aittakessb.sometimetodosth.w这个句型中是没有“for”的。误区2：时态错误Jf列1.Whatdidyouthinkoftheholiday?回答：It'sterrible.正确答案为：ItWaSteiTible.例2.WhatdoyouthinkOfTOm?(故事发生在过去)回答：Heiskind.正确答案为：Hewaskind.解题技巧点拨:回答问题时看清楚问题的时态是很重要的。误区3:句法(人称)错误例1.WhatdidRobertandJohnwantJamestodo?(文中原句为："Whatyouhavetodoistogiveusthecarkeys.,RobertandAdamsaidtoJames.)回答：Theywantedtogiveusthecarkeys.正确回答：TheywantedJames/himtogivethemthecarkeys.解题技巧点拨：人称转换是回答问题中容易忽视的环节。误区4:无法识别选择疑问句例1.Dopeopleliketoeatporridgeorsteamedbreadfortheirbreakfastaccordingtothepassage?错误回答:Yes,theydo.正确回答：Porridge.(Theyliketoeatporridge.)例2Dopeopleliketoeatporridgeornot?错误回答：porridge.正确回答：Yes,theydo.解题技巧点拨：重点关注Or连接的两端是不是有相同语法功能的两个部分，如都是名词，或都是动词等，有，则是选择疑问句，无，则是一般疑问句。附：回答问题难点剖析开放性试题，难以根据文中信息，提炼出自己需要的表达内容。技巧点拨1:paraphrase同义替换【适用题型】句子理解，推断题参考题目：Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpart/sentence?Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying.?WhatcanweIeamfromthestory?WhatkindoflessoncanyouhavefromthearticleWhatistheimplied（隐含的）meaningoftheunderlinedsentence?【案例】Itwasabusymorningabout8:30,whenanelderlygentlemancametothehospital.Iheardhimsayingtothenursethathewasinahurryforanappointmentat9:30a.m.Thenursehadhimtakeabreakinthewaitingarea,tellinghimitwouldbeatleast40minutesbeforethedoctorwouldbeabletoseehim.Isawhimlookingathiswatchanddecided,sinceIwasnotbusy-mypatientdidn'tturnupattheappointedhour,1wouldexaminehiswound.Whiletakingcareofhiswound,Iaskedhimifhehadanotherdoctor'sappointment.Thegentlemansaidnoandtoldmethatactuallyheneededtogotothenursinghometoeatbreakfastwithhiswife.Hetoldmeshehadbeenthereforawhileandshehadaspecialdisease.Iaskedifshewouldbeworriedifhewasabitlate.Herepliedthatshenolongerknewwhohewas,andthatshehadnotbeenabletorecognizehimforfiveyears.Iwassurprised,andaskedhim,"Andyoustillgoeverymorning,eventhoughshedoesn'tknowwhoyouare?"Hesmiledandsaid,"Shedoesn'tknowme,butIknowwhosheis/'Ihadtoholdbacktearsasheleft.NowIrealizethatinamarriage,truelovemeansacceptance（接纳）.Thehappiestpeopledon'tnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything;theyjusttreasurethebestofeverythingtheyhave.Don'twaitforastormtopass,learnhowtodanceintherain.Q:Howdoyouunderstandthelastsentence,Lifeisn'tabouthowtolivethroughthestorm,buthowtodanceintherain.',?技巧点拨2：关键词拓展+编写【适用题型】读后续写，补充题干，补充结局参考题目：1. WhatdoyouthinkKenwassayingtohisparentsabouthiscamplife?（Atleasttwoaspects）2. Whatphrasecanyouuseifyouareadvisingsomeonetotakeactiontoavoidanemergency?Iwouldsay.3. Writeatleast3waystoprotectyourhomeagainstburglary.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.【案例】BetterSafethanSorryTHEBESTWAYtodealwithanemergencyistoavoidone,ifyoucan.PartFourofourongoingseriesoncrimepreventionfocusesonprotectingyourhomeagainstburglary.StickyFingers,anexperiencedburglarnowservinga6-yearprisonsentence,agreedtotalktoourreporter.Reporter:Sticky,whatdoyoulookforbeforeburglarizingahouse?Fingers:Well,first,Imakesurenooneishomeandnooneiswatching.Inosearoundneighbourhoodswherepeopledon'tseemtoknoweachotherverywell.Thatway,1won'tbenoticed.Next,Itrytofindahousewherethepeopleareonholidayandnotlikelytoreturnsoon.Idothisbylookingforhouseswithnolightsonintheevening.ThenIlookatdoorways.They'reasuregiveaway（暴露）.Whennewspapers,mail,anddeliveriesarepiledup,Icantellthatpeoplehavebeenawayfromdays.Icanevencounthowmanydaysfromthenumberofnewspapers.Reporter:81?Fingers:Well,usuallyit'seasyandeffortless.Lotsoftimespeopleleaveawindowopen,ordoorsandwindowsunlocked.ThenIjustslipin,whenIhavetobreakin,Ilookforapatio（露台）dooronthefirstfloor.Theyusuallyhaveweaklocksandyoucanforcethemea