世界经济论坛-二氧化碳去除：最佳实践指南（英）-2024.1.docx

WQRLDECONOMICFQRUMWhatCompaniesCanLearnfromFirstMoversCarbonDioxideRemoval:Best-PracticeGuidelinesWHITEPAPERJANUARY2024Images:Unsplash1GettyImagesContentsPreface3Executivesummary41 Overviewofthechallenge61.1 WhycarbonremovalisessentialtoachievingtheParisgoal61.2 Statusofcarbonremovaltechnologies81.3 Purposeofthisreport82 TheengineeredCDRlandscape92.1 Carbonremovaltechnologiesavailableinthemarket92.2 QualityfeaturesofengineeredCDR123 WhyengageinengineeredCDRnow?143.1 It'sgoodforcorporateclimatestrategy143.2 Itprovidesbusinessopportunities153.3 Leadershipisessential-*waitandsee'isnotanoption173.4 EngineeredCDRbringsco-benefits,too183.5 Amixofnatural-climatesolutionsandengineeredCDRis19needed4 HowtoaessthenascentmarketforengineeredCDR214.1 Howtosecurethebudget214.2 Choosingtherightmarketaccessmodel244.3 CommunicatingCDRperformancein-houseandoutside26thecompanyConclusion28Appendix29Contributors30Endnotes31DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEnomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.©2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.January 2024CarbonDioxideRemoval:Best-PracticeGuidelinesPrefaceNasimPour1.ead,CarbonRemovalsandMarketInnovation,WorldEconomicForumSofarin2023,theaverageglobaltemperatureonone-thirdofdayshasbeenatleast1.5oChigherthanpre-industriallevels.1AttheendofOctober,scientistswarnedthatwithinjustfiveorsixyears,humanitywouldexceedtheremainingcarbonbudgetrequiredforanevenschanceofkeepingwarmingto1.50C?Yetdespiterepeatedwarningsandthecommitmentof195nationsinParisin2015toreversethisunfoldingclimatecatastrophe,greenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,notfall.Decarbonizingtheglobaleconomyistheprimaryandmostcriticalchallenge.Buthotonitsheelsisanequallypressingpriority:toacceleratetherateatwhichweareremovingexcesscarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Evenifeverycountryandeverycompanyachievesnetzeroby2050,itwon'tbeenough.WewillneedtokeepremovingCO2fordecadesafterwards-toreversetheaccumulationofhistoricemissions,tobalanceoutthehardest-to-abateemissionsandtosafeguardusagainstEarth,sownfeedbackloopsfromawarmerworld.Thescaleofthechallengeis,forwantofabetterword,mind-blowing.Upto687billiontonnesofCO2willneedremovingbytheendofthecentury-witharound10billiontonnesayearrequiredby2050.3Currentlyweareremovingaround2billiontonnesofCO2ayearthroughnaturalclimatesolutionssuchasafforestation.Butwecan'tjustrelyontrees,soilsandoceanstodoourdirtyworkforus-notleastbecausewildfiresanddegradationriskreleasingthecarboncapturedbynature.Newsolutionsareneededurgently-technologiesthatcandeliveradditional,permanentandquantifiableimpactsatthespeedandscalerequiredtomakeadifference.Thiswhitepaperexaminesthepromisingpotentialofseveralofthese"engineered"carbondioxideremoval(CDR)technologies,includingbiochar,bioenergywithcarboncaptureandstorage(BECCS),directaircapturewithcarbonstorage(DACCS)andenhancedrockweathering(ERW).EachsolutionaimstoclearthehighbaroftheWorldEconomicForum'sFirstMoversCoalition(FMC)-todemonstrateitcancaptureandstorecarbonatscaleandwithhighdurability.TheFMCleveragesthecollectivepurchasingpowerofcompaniestosendacleardemandsignaltoscaleupemergingdecarbonizationtechnologiesthatarecriticaltothenet-zerotransition.Bystimulatingsufficientdemand,theFMCaimstohelpacceleratethecommercializationofthesetechnologiesandultimatelydrivedowntheircost.MembersoftheFMChavecommittedtocontractforatleast50,000tonnes-or$25millionworth-ofdurableandscalableCDRby2030.WeneedmorecorporateleaderssuchasthesetostepuprightnowanddemonstratedemandtothepioneersofengineeredCDR,sotheycangaintheconfidenceandlinesofcreditneededtoinvestinthesepotentiallylife-savingtechnologies.WehaveinterviewedeightFMCmembersfromdifferentindustrysectorstogaintheirinsightsintowhyit'ssoimportanttostartnow,why"waitandsee,'isnotanoption,andhowbesttonavigatethroughthisnascentmarket.ThispaperchartstheirexperienceandcallsoneverycompanytomakeadvancepurchasesofengineeredCDRaspartoftheirwiderclimatestrategy.ExecutivesummaryIn2022,globalemissionswere2billiontonnesmorethanin2015-a5%rise.YetachievingtheParisclimategoalsrequiresadeclineinemissionsof40-60%by2030.Decarbonizing90%oftheglobaleconomyisthepriorityaccordingtotheScienceBasedTargetsinitiative.Theremaining10%willneedtocomefrom"negativeemissions"-capturingCO2fromtheatmosphereandstoringitpermanently,knownascarbondioxideremoval(CDR).CDRisrequiredforthreereasons:1)tocom