2023-2024学年外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science现在完成时的被动语态学案（含答案）.docx

Unit3TheworldofScience3.3重点语法现在完成时的被动语态生之法技巧一现在完成时的被动语态的具体用法现在完成时的被动语态的形式肯定式主语+have/has+been+done否定式主语+havehas+not+beendone一般疑问式HaVe/Has+主语+been+done特殊疑问式疑问词+havehas+主语÷been+done1 .现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。Thecomputerhasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经修好了。2 .表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或SinCe引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong.?”句型中。Theproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3 .用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youshouldn,tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语FecenllyZlateIy最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来bynow到现在为止foralongtime很长一段时间ever曾经inrecentyears在最近几年里yet已经in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里already已经sofar迄今为止注意的问题1 .现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建成的。Thebridgehasbeenbuilt.这座桥已经建好了。（现在可以使用了）2 .一些瞬间动词，如：borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改为相应的延续性动词或时态。这本书买了多长时间了？【误】HOWlonghasthisbookbeenbought?【正】HoWlongagowasthisbookbought?但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与SinCe或for构成的时间状语连用。Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以来，没有人来买书。3 .短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。4 .只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.5 .带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,PrOmiSe等变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。Wehavegivenhimthebook.Hehasbeengiventhebook.Thebookhasbeengiventohim.6 .带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带Io的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.小跟踪训练一、单项选择1. Thebookintothirtylanguagessinceitonthemarketin1973.A.hastranslated,cameB.wastranslated,hascomeC.hasbeentranslated,cameD.hasbeentranslated,hascome2. Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversitiessince1949.A.hasbeenestablishB.havebeenestablishedC.haveestablishedD.hadbeenestablished3. Uptonow,manyproblemsaboutairpollutionbythelocalgovernment.A.aresolvingB.havesolvedC.arebeingsolvedD.havebeensolved4.Yoursuit!Why?一Igotstuckintherain.1. hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined5. Thetraditionsofthisethnicalgroupoverthelast20yearsduetothejointeffortsoflocalgovernmentandnon-profitorganizations.A.werepreservedB.preservedC.haspreservedD.havebeenpreserved6. Greatdiscoveriesinspaceexplorationinthelastfewdecades.A.weremadeB.havemadeC.aremadeD.havebeenmade7. Thebuildingsinceyou.A.hasconstructed;haveleftB.constructed;leftC.hasbeenconstructed;leftD.hasbeenconstructed;haveleft8. Itisreportedthatamenuof678dishesfortheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGamestomeetthedifferenttasteneedsofathletes.A.hasdesignedB.havebeendesigningC.havedesignedD.hasbeendesigned9. Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwe'rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC. had been completedD. have been completed10. Sofarnobasketballcourtinourcommunity.A.hasbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuildingD.wasbuilt11. Theboysmanytimesnottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn'tmakeanydifference.A.havebeentoldB.hadbeentoldC.wastoldD.wasbeingtold12. Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstancesinthepastfewyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered13. Morethan10,000relics,between5,000to3,000B.C.,atSanxingduisinceitwasfirstdiscovered.A. dating back to, was dug upC. dated back to, has been dug up14. - How long at this job?-Since 1990.A. were you employedC. had you been employed15. Great changesB. dating back to, have been dug upD. dated back to, were dug upB. have you been employedD. will you be employedin my hometown and a lot of factories.A. have been taken place , are being set upB. have taken place , have been set upC.aretakenplace,hadbeensetupD.hadtakenplace,willbesetup16. Quiteafewtallbuildingsinthelasttwoyears.A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putup17. -Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?一Becauselargequantitiesofwater.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted18. 8、Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayyet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided19. C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided20. 1.argequantitiesofinformation,aswellassometimelyhelp,sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.A. has offeredB.hadbeenofferedC.havebeenofferedD.isoffered21. Everypossiblemeanstopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused22. 21.Morethanonehighofficialbythepolicesincethemayorwarshotdead.A.hasbeenquestionedB.havebeenquestionedC.wasquestionedD.werequestioned23. IlikethisEnglishsonganditmanytimesontheradio.A. has