产业集群向净零过渡_工业脱碳的国家政策扶持--第二部分WEF_Transitioning_Indus.docx

IncollaborationwithAccentureWpRL11ECONOMICFQRUMTransitiomngIndustrialClusterstowardsNetZero:NationalPolicyEnablementforIndustrialDecarbonization-PartIlWHITEPAPERNOVEMBER2023Images:GettyImagesContentsForeword3Executivesummary4TheTransitioningIndustrialClusterstowardsNetZeroinitiative61 Americas71.1 Brazil72 Europe112.1 Sweden112.2 Portugal143 AsiaandOceania163.1 BruneiDarussalam163.2 Thailand193.3 Malaysia223.4 India253.5 Japan283.6 UnitedArabEmirates314 Africa334.1 SouthAfrica33Conclusion37Contributors38Endnotes39DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEnomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandndusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollat>orativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.©2023WorldEnomicForum.Allrightsreserved.NopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedOrtransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrerding,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.October 2023TransitioningIndustrialClusterstowardsNetZero:NationalPolicyEnablementforIndustrialDeCarboniZation-PartIlForewordJrgen Sandstrm Head, Transforming Industrial Ecosystems, World Economic ForumMiguelGTorreiraManagingDirector,GlobalStrategy,Trading,InvestmentsandOptimisation(ATIOS),AccentureWeunderstandtheimportanceofdecarbonizationofindustrialclustersinachievingnetzeroandthecrucialrolethatregulatorsandpolicy-makersplay.Public-privatecollaborationhasreachedall-timehighsastechnologyandpolicyinnovationhaveenabledmorerobustandacceleratedgrowthingreensolutionsforindustry.AstheTransitioningIndustrialClusterstowardsNetZeroinitiativeexpandsintonewgeographies,wehavedevelopedadditionalcomprehensiveanalysesofthestrategiesandactionsemployedbymultiplefederalgovernmentstopropelindustrialdecarbonization.Thisanalysiscomplementsourfirstpublication,TranSitiOninaIndUStrialCIUSterStowardsNetZero:NationalPOiiCVEnabIementforIndUStrialDeCarbOniZatiOmbyprovidinganuancedandconciseoverviewofanadditional10countries,includingourfirstcountriesfromtheMiddleEastandAfrica.Thispaperwillprovideadeepdiveintothecontextualreasoningbehindtheindustrialclusterapproachfordecarbonization,whichhasseenincreasingadoptionbypolicy-makersglobally.Theanalysissupportsourinitiativecommunityof20industrialclusters,vering11countriesacrossfourcontinents,withacumulativecarbonemissionsreductionorabatementpotentialof626milliontonnes.Thankyoutoallofthoseparticipatinginresearchandpolicyanalysesfortheirtimeandcontributionstothispaper.ExecutivesummaryStrongcollaborationinpartnershipsisnecessarytonavigatethecomplexthemesforindustrialclustersdecarbonization.Industrialclustershavebecomeafocalpointforgovernmentsworldwide,leadingtoariseininitiativestotackleindustrialcarbonemissions.Governmentmmitmentandinstitutionalalignmentserveaskeyenablersforacceleratingaction.ItisobservedthatEUpolicies,suchastheCarbonBorderAdjustmentMechanism(CBAM),haveastronginfluenceonindustrialdecarbonizationinothernationsincludingtheUnitedArabEmirates,BrazilandSouthAfrica.AmongcountriesinAsia,JapanandIndiaareleadingintermsofpolicyframeworksforhydrogen.Meanwhile,inemergingeconomies,policyframeworksforcarboncapture,utilizationandstorage(CCUS)arestillintheearlystagesofdevelopment.Withthediversityinpolicyemphasis,itiscriticaltonotetheimportanceofthelocalcontextineachcountry'stransitionjourneyandtoreadthispaperwithduerespectandconsiderationofthisdimension.ThispaperreviewsthelegislatedpoliciesdrivingindustrialdecarbonizationinaselectionoftennationsacrosstheAmericas,Europe,Asia-Pacific,MiddleEastandAfrica,aswellastheenablingmechanismstopromoteacollaborative,market-orientedindustrialclustersapproach.Acrossthesepolicies,analysishasshownthefollowing:1. Thereisanoticeabletrendtowardspromotingtheadoptionofrenewableenergysources.Governmentsareimplementingdiversestrategies,settingmultiplegoalsforvariousrenewableenergysourcessuchasgreenhydrogen,solar,windandbiofuels.Foranumberofcountries,includingJapan,India,MalaysiaandSouthAfrica,thisapproachaimstoensureacomprehensiveandbalancedtransitiontowardscleanerandmoresustainableenergysolutions,withobservedemphasisonenhancingenergysecurityandaccess.2. Theprioritizationofrenewablesisalsoreflectedintheportionoffundingorfinancialincentivesallocated,whichinmanycountriesissignificantlyhigherthantheallocationforothersolutionssuchasenergyefficiency,hydrogenandCCUS.3. Broadsetsoffiscalincentivesareinuse,includinggrants,subsidies,guarantees,taxincentives,aswellasmultilateralaidfunding.4. Inthenearterm,thedecarbonizationofindustriesisdrivenprimarilybytheswitchingofenergysourcestorenewablesinparallelwiththeelectrificationofindustrialheating,supportedbyarangeofgovernmentsubsidies,schemes,project