亚开行-小型作业的污染控制技术（英）-2023.12_市场营销策划_重点报告202301203_do.docx

POLLUTIONCONTROLTECHNOLOGIESFORSMALL-SCALEDECEMBER2023ADBASIANDEVELOPMENTBANKPOLLUTIONCONTROLTECHNOLOGIESFORSMALL-SCALEOPERATIONSDECEMBER2023ADBASIANDEVELOPMENTBANKCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)©2023AsianDevelopmentBank6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila.PhilippinesTel+63286324444;Fax+63286362444Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2023.ISBN978-92-9270-538-1(print);978-92-9270-539-8(electronic);978-92-9270-540-4(ebook)PublicationStock.No.TCS230595DOI:TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent.ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country*'inthispublication,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea.ThispublicationisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps:/www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.ThisCChtmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBcannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial.Pleasecontactpubsmarketingadb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo.CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundatNote:Inthispublication,F$"referstoFijiandollar;wKwreferstoPapuaNewGuineakina;wST,rreferstoSamoantala;and"$"referstoUnitedStatesdollars,unlessindicatedotherwise.Onthecover:Theupperphotoshowsabove-groundstructuresofbiogasinCambodia;thelowerphotoshowsconstructedwetlandintheLaoPeople,sDemocraticRepublic.BothwerebuiltunderrecentADBprojects.PhotosbyXinRen.ContentsTables,Figures,andBoxvAcknowledgmentsviAbbreviationsviiExecutiveSummaryviii1 Introduction1Background1Objectives2MethodologyandCoverage22 WaterPollutionControlTechnologies3Principles3Pre-treatmentsandTheirComparison4PrimaryTreatmentsandTheirComparison6MajorTechnologiesforSecondaryTreatment7RemovalRateofTreatmentTechnology10CostDimensions123 DischargeStandardsandImplications13AmbientVersusDischargeStandards13ImplicationsofDifferentDischargeStandards15FromConcentration-BasedStandardtoTotalLoadControl164 TechnologiesforSolidWasteManagement18PrinciplesandWasteManagementHierarchy18SolidWasteManagementTechnologies19TechnologiesforHazardousWasteManagement225 TechnologiesforAirEmissionsControl24Principles24AirPollutionControlTechnologies246 ConclusionsandRecommendations27jvContents294042Appendixes1 MajorTechnologiesforSmall-ScaleWastewaterTreatment2 DevelopmentofEnvironmentalStandardsintheUnitedStatesReferencesTables5Figures5andBoxTables2.1 PrimaryTreatmentTechnologiesforWastewater72.2 SecondaryTreatmentTechnologiesApplicabletoSMEs82.3 ComparisonofMajorSecondaryTreatmentTechnologies93.1 ComparisonofDomesticWastewaterDischargeStandards143.2 MajorOrganicWasteTechnologiesApplicabletoSMEs213.3 MajorTechnoIogiesforHazardousWastefromAgro-Sectors225.1 AirEmissionControlTechnologiesApplicabletoSMEs26Figures4.1DiagramofDigestionwithBiogasandComposting21A1TypicalFlowDiagramofTricklingFilterSystem31A2TypicalSchematicofanRBCInstallation33A3SepticTankandConstructedWetland34A4DiagramofTypicalDEWATS36A5DiagramofaMini-ActivatedSludge37A6FlowChartofAeratedLagn38Box2.1ExampleofAnimalHusbandryWastewaterTreatment10AcknowledgmentsThestudywasinitiatedandledbyXinRen,seniorenvironmentalspecialist,OfficeofSafeguardsoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB),fundedbytheregionaltechnicalassistance(TA9647)onStrengtheningSafeguardsManagementinSoutheastAsia.XinRenauthoredChapters1,3,4,and6andperformedqualitycontrolfortheentirereport.ChirongHuang,seniornsultantandsanitationengineerofmorethan30yearsofexperience,draftedtherestofthereportandcontributedtoChapter4.XinRenhasworkedcloselyinruralprojectsofSoutheastAsiancountries,focusingonenvironmentalmanagement.BeforejoiningADB1sheworkedintheWorldBankindiverseprojectsrangingfromurban,energy,andtransporttoruralsectors.Apartfromher15yearsinmultilateraldevelopmentbanks,shealsoworkedinUnitedNationsagenciesonclimatechangeandwastemanagementforyears,andinthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonpollution