美国名人 护士 克拉尔·巴顿.docx

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1、美国名人护士克拉尔巴顿ClaraBarton,FounderoftheAmericanRedCross:ALifeofCaringforOthersplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:20repeatByJeriIynWatson2006-6-24(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mRayFreeman.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwiththeSpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinAmerica.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonwhowasimportantinthehistoryoftheUnite

2、dStates.Todaywetellaboutawomanwhospentherlifecaringforothers,ClaraBarton.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ClaraBartonwasasmallwoman.Yetshemadeabigdifferenceinmanylives.Todayherworkcontinuestobeimportanttothousandsofpeopleintrouble.ClaraBartonwasanunusualwomanforhertime.ShewasbornonChristmasday,Decembertwenty-fifth,e

3、ighteentwenty-one.Inthosedays,mostwomenwereexpectedtomarry,havechildrenandstayhometotakecareofthem.Barton,however,becamedeeplyinvolvedintheworld.Bythetimeofherdeathinnineteentwelve,shehadbegunarevolutionthatledtotherightofwomentodoresponsibleworkforsociety.Asanurse,shecaredforthousandsofwoundedsoldi

4、ers.ShebegantheAmericanRedCross.And,shesuccessfullyurgedtheAmericangovernmenttoaccepttheGenevaConvention.Thattreatyestablishedstandardsforconditionsforsoldiersinjuredorcapturedduringwartime.VOICETWO:ClaraBartonreallybeganherlifeofcaringforthesickwhenshewasonlyelevenyearsold.Shelivedwithherfamilyonaf

5、arminthenortheasternstateofMassachusetts.Oneofherbrothers,David,wasseriouslyinjuredwhilehelpingbuildabarn.Fortwoyears,ClaraBartontookcareofDaviduntilhewashealed.Mosteleven-year-oldgirlswouldhavefoundthejobimpossible.ButClarafeltagreatneedtohelp.Andshewasverygoodatit.Shealsoseemedtofeelmostsafewhensh

6、ewasathomewithhermotherandfather,orridingahorseonherfamilysland.Asayoungchild,Clarahadgreatdifficultystudyingandmakingfriendsatschool.Herfourbrothersandsistersweremucholderthanshe.Severalofthemwereteachers.FormostofClarasearlyyears,shewastaughtathome.Shefinishedschoolatagefifteen.Thenshewenttoworkin

7、herbrotherDavidsclothingfactory.Thefactorysoonburned,leavingherwithoutajob.VOICEONE:ClaraBartondecidedtoteachschool.Ineighteenthirty-six,shepassedtheteacherstestandbeganteachingnearherhomeinNorthOxford,Massachusetts.Shebecameanextremelypopularandrespectedteacher.Aftersixteenyearsofteaching,sherealiz

8、edshedidnotknowallshewantedtoknow.Shewantedmoreeducation.Veryfewuniversitiesacceptedwomeninthosedays.SoClarawenttoaspecialschoolforgirlsinMassachusetts.Whileinthatschool,shebecameinterestedinpubliceducation.VOICETWO:Aftershegraduated,afriendsuggestedshetrytoestablishthefirstpublicschoolinthestateofN

9、ewJersey.Officialsthereseemedtothinkthateducationwasonlyforchildrenwhoseparentshadenoughmoneytopayforprivateschools.TheofficialsdidnotwantBartontostartaschoolforpoorpeople.Butsheofferedtoteachwithoutpayforthreemonths.Shetoldtheofficialsthattheycoulddecideafterthatifshehadbeensuccessful.Theygaveheran

10、oldbuildingwithpoorequipment.Andtheygavehersixveryactivelittleboystoteach.Attheendoffiveweeks,theschoolwastoosmallforthenumberofchildrenwhowantedtoattend.Bytheendoftheyear,thetownbuiltherabigger;betterschool.Theyhadtogivehermorespace.Shethenhadsixhundredstudentsintheschool.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Withinayea

11、r,ClaraBartonhadlosthervoice.Shehadtogiveupteaching.ShemovedtoWashington,D.C.,tobeginanewjobwritingdocumentsfortheUnitedStatesgovernment.ClaraBartonstartedherlifeasanurseduringtheearlydaysoftheCivilWarineighteensixty-one.Oneday,shewenttothetraincenterinWashingtontomeetagroupofsoldiersfromMassachuset

12、ts.Manyofthemhadbeenherfriends.Shebegantakingcareoftheirwounds.Notlongafter,sheleftherofficejob.Shebecameafull-timenurseforthewoundedontheirwayfromthefieldsofbattletothehospital.Soon,Bartonrecognizedthatmanymorelivescouldbesavedifthemenhadmedicalhelpimmediatelyaftertheywerehurt.Armyruleswouldnotperm

13、itanyoneexceptmalesoldierstobeonthebattlefield.ButBartontookherplansforhelpingthewoundedtoahigharmyofficial.Heapprovedherplans.VOICETWO:BartonandafewotherwomenworkedinthebattleareasaroundWashington.SheheardaboutthesecondfiercebattleatBullRuninthenearbystateofVirginia.Shegotintoarailroadcarandtravele

14、dthere.BullRunmusthavebeenafearfulsight.Northernforceswerelosingamajorbattlethere.EverywhereBartonlookedlaywoundedanddyingmen.Dayandnightsheworkedtohelpthesuffering.Whenthelastsoldierhadbeenplacedonatrain,Bartonfinallyleft.Shewasjustintimetoescapethesouthernarmy.Sheescapedbyridingahorse,askillshegai

15、nedasayounggirl.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Forfouryears,ClaraBartonwasatthefrontlinesofthebloodiestbattlesinthewarbetweentheNorthandtheSouth.ShewasthereatAntietam,Fredericksburg,andCharleston.ShewasthereatSpottsylvania,Petersburg,andRichmond.Shecleanedthewoundsofbadlyinjuredsoldiers.Sheeasedthepainofthedying.A

16、ndshefedthosewhosurvived.WhenshereturnedtoWashington,ClaraBartonfoundshewasahero.Shehadprovedthatwomencouldworkinterribleconditions.Shemadepeopleunderstandthatwomencouldprovidegoodmedicalcare.Shealsoshowedthatnursingwasanhonorableprofession.Afterthewarended,BartonsdoctorsenthertoEuropetorest.Insteadofresting,shemetwithrepresentativesoftheInternationalRedCross.Theorganizationhadbeenestablishedineightee