美国名人 作曲家、指挥家 艾伦·科普兰.docx

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1、美国名人作曲家、指挥家艾伦科普兰AaronCopland:HisMusicTaughtAmericansAboutThemselvesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:34repeatByShelleyGollust2005-4-30(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutAaronCopland,oneofAmericasbestmodernmusiccomposers.(MUSIC)VOIC

2、EONE:AaronCoplandwrotemanykindsofmusic.Hewrotemusicfortheorchestra,piano,andvoice.Hewrotemusicforplays,moviesanddance.Coplandalsowasaconductor;pianist,speaker;teacherandauthor.MusiccriticssayCoplandtaughtAmericansaboutthemselvesthroughhismusic.HeusedpartsofmanyoldtraditionalAmericanfolksongsinhiswor

3、k.HewasinfluencedtodothisafterstudyingmusicinFrance.HesaidthatcomposerstherehadaveryFrenchwayofwritingmusic.HesaidAmericanshadnothinglikethatinthiscountry.SohedecidedtocomposemusicthatwastrulyAmerican.VOICETWO:AaronCoplandwasborninnineteenhundredinBrooklyn,NewYork.Hewastheyoungestoffivechildren.Hisp

4、arentshadcometotheUnitedStatesfromeasternEurope.TheyownedastoreinBrooklyn.Aaronbeganplayingthepianowhenhewasayoungchild.Hewrotehisfirstsongforhismotherwhenhewaseightyearsold.Hisdreamsofbecomingacomposerbeganwhenhewasyoung.Whenhewassixteen,heurgedhisparentstolethimstudycomposingwithRubinGoldmark.Gold

5、markhadtaughtthecomposerGeorgeGershwin.VOICEONE:Whenhewasinhisearlytwenties,CoplandwenttoPariswherehestudiedmusicwithNadiaBoulanger.Shewasoneofthemostimportantmusicteachersofthetime.HereturnedtoNewYorkinnineteentwenty-four.ThefamousconductoroftheBostonSymphonyOrchestra,SergeKoussevitzkyzlearnedabout

6、Coplandsmusic.KoussevitzkyledtheorchestraforthefirstperformanceofCoplandsearlywork,MusicfortheTheater,innineteentwenty-five.KoussevitzkyalsoconductedCoplandsConcertoforPianoandOrchestrainnineteentwenty-seven.ThisworkwasunusualbecauseCoplandusedideasfromjazzmusicinhisconcerto.VOICETWO:Coplandlaterwro

7、tethemusicfortwoballetsabouttheAmericanWest.OnewasaboutthelifeofafamousgunfightercalledBillytheKid.CoplandusedmusicfromAmericancowboysongsinthiswork.ThispiecefromBillytheKid:BalletSuiteiscalledStreetinaFrontierTown.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenforty-two,theconductorAndreKostelanetzaskedCoplandtowritemu

8、sicaboutagreatAmerican,AbrahamLincoln.CoplandwroteLincolnPortraittohonorAmericassixteenthpresident.CoplandsmusicincludedpartsofAmericanfolksongsandsongspopularduringtheAmericanCivilWar.HeaddedwordsfromPresidentLincolnsspeechesandletters.LincolnPortraithasbeenperformedmanytimesinAmerica.Manyfamouspeo

9、plehavedonethespeakingpart.EleanorRoosevelt,thewifeofPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,wasoneofthem.Here,actorJamesEarlJonesperformsinCoplandsLincolnPortrait.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Alsoinnineteenforty-two,themusicdirectoroftheCincinnatiSymphonyOrchestraaskedeighteencomposerstowritemusicexpressingloveforAmerica.Fo

10、rthecompetition,CoplandcomposedFanfarefortheCommonMan.ThismusicisplayedinAmericaduringmanynationalevents,includingsomepresidentialinaugurations.VOICEONE:ExpertssayFanfarefortheCommonManwasanexampleofCoplandschangeindirectionduringthenineteen-forties.Hebeganwritingmusicthatwasmoreeasilyunderstoodandm

11、orepopular.Coplandwroteaboutthisinnineteenforty-oneinhisbook,OurNewMusic.Hewrotethatawholenewpublicformusichaddevelopedasaresultofthepopularityoftheradioandrecordplayer.Hesaidthattherewasnoreasontocontinuewritingmusicasifthesedevicesdidnotexist.Sohedecidedtowritemusicinasimplerway.VOICETWO:Coplandsp

12、readhisideasaboutmusicinotherways.HetaughtattheNewSchoolforSocialResearchinNewYorkCityandatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts.OneofthemanyawardshereceivedwasthePulitzerPrize.Hewonitinnineteenforty-fiveforhisfamousmusicforaballetcalledAppalachianSpring.Itisoneofhismostpopularworks.Thelastpart

13、oftheballetisbasedonatraditionalsong,AGifttobeSimple.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Coplandalsowrotemusicforseveralmajormotionpictures.HewonanAcademyAwardinnineteen-fiftyforcomposingthemusicforthefilm,TheHeiress.Then,hebeganexperimentingwithwhatiscalledatwelve-tonesystemofcomposing.Hismusicnolongerwasaseasytounder

14、stand,oraspopular.Coplandstoppedcomposingattheendofthenineteen-sixties.Yethecontinuedtobeactiveasaconductorandspeaker.Innineteeneighty-two,QueensCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkestablishedtheAaronCoplandSchoolofMusic.VOICETWO:Coplandwasastrongsupporterofliberalideas.Intheearlynineteen-fifties,hea

15、ndotherfamouswriters,actorsandintellectualswereaccusedofsupportingcommunism.Publicopinionchanged,though.Innineteensixty-four,PresidentLyndonJohnsonpresentedhimwiththePresidentialMedalofFreedom.ItisAmericashighestawardtocivilians.AaronCoplanddiedinnineteenninetyattheageofninety.Buthismusicliveson.VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprograminVOASpecialEnglish.(MUSIC)