世界经济论坛-净零到净负：领导者碳去除指南（英）-2021.11-18正式版.docx

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1、WHITE PAPERNOVEMBER 20 2 1In Collaboration with the Global Future Council on Net-Zero Transition and the Alliance of CEO Climate LeadersWORLDECONOMICFORUMNet-ZerotoNet-Negative:AGuideforLeadersonCarbonRemovalCoverandimages:GettyImages,UnsplashContentsForeword3Executivesummary4Intrcxjuction51 Underst

2、andcarbonremovalanditslimitations71.1 Wheretoputremovedcarbon?81.2 Wheniscarbonremoved?91.3 Howlongwillcarbonstayremoved?92 Plantoaddressfuture,presentandpastemissions103 Seeksystemicimpact11Conclusion12Annex13Acknowledgements15Contributors16Endnotes17DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEnomi

3、cForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEnomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorot

4、herstakeholders.2021WorldEomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.November 2021Net-ZerotoNet-Negative:AGuideforLeadersonCarbonRemovalForewordBaroness Bryony Worthi

5、ngton Co-Director, Quadrature Climate Foundation, UnitedKingdomMyles Allen Professor of Geosystem Science. Director, Oxford Net Zero, University of Oxford, United KingdomThreethingsneedtohappentolimitglobalwarmingtosafelevelsinlinewiththeParisAgreement:greenhousegasemissionsneedtobehalvedby2030;net-

6、zeroemissionsmustbeachievedby2050;andglobalemissionswillneedtobecomenet-negativeemissionsafter2050.Firstandforemost,holdingontoastableclimaterequiresadrasticreductionofemissions.Thiswillrequireaneconomictransformationthatreimagineshowweproduceanduseenergyandmostcommodities.Andyet,thatwillstillnotbee

7、nough.Asacomplementtoreductions,carbonremovalsolutionsareneeded.Notonlywillsomeemissions-forexample,inagricultureandheavyindustry-beverydifficulttoreduce,wealsoneedtodrawdowntheEarthsownemissionsresultingfromthenaturalfeedbackloopsofawarmingplanetandalsoreversethebuild-upofemissionsthathaveaccumulat

8、ed,andcontinuetoaccumulate,intheatmosphereovertime.Thispaperoffersatimelyguideforbusinessandpolicyleadersdeterminedtoacceleratethetransitiontoaneconomycompatiblewithmaintainingasafeclimate.Itdescribesthelandscapeofexistingcarbonremovalopportunities-fromnature-basedtotechnologicalandhybridsolutions-d

9、iscussestherelativemeritsandchallengesassociatedwiththese,andrecommendsasetofactionstobeginspeedinguptheirdeploymenttoday.Keyamongthesearecommittingto:learningaboutandinterrogatingtheconceptofcarbonremovalstounderstandthetrade-offs;usingremovalstoaddresscurrent,futureand,importantly,pastemissions;an

10、dseekingaleveraged,systemicimpactratherthantakingatactical,least-costapproach.TwooftheWorldEconomicForm,scommunitiescollaboratedtodevelopthispaper:theGlobalFutureCouncil(GFC)onNet-ZeroTransitionandtheAllianceofCEOClimateLeadersCarbonRemovalsClimateActionGroup.Thiscollaborationalsoproducedapresentati

11、on-fromCEOstoCEOs-summarizingthecriticalroleofcarbonremovalandhowcompaniescanuseitbothcrediblyandsmartly.Wearegratefulforthemanycontributionsfrombothofthesegroups,whichalsoyieldedaseriesofarticlespublishedontheForumsAgendablog,andinparticulartoEliMitchell-LarsonoftheOxfordNetZeroinitiativeandCarbonG

12、apforhisworkindraftingandcollatingmanydiverseperspectives.Thisdiversityhasgeneratedarobustsetofrecommendationsforleaderswhoarereadytodeliverthisimportantpieceoftheclimatepuzzle.ChristianMumenthalerGroupChiefExecutiveOfficer,SwissRe;Co-ChairoftheAllianceofCEOClimateLeaders,SwitzerlandExecutivesummary

13、Planningfortheactiveremovalofcarbondioxidefromtheatmospherecoupledwithstorage(CDR),isanintegralpartofanycomprehensivenet-zerostrategy.Thiswhitepaperisaguidefordecision-makerstosomeofthekeychallengesandopportunitiestheymustconsiderwhenengagingwithcarbonremovals.Whentouseremovals?Theuseofcarbonremoval

14、sneedstofollowthemitigationhierarchy:thefirstpriorityisalwaystoreduceoravoidemissionswherepossible.Carbonremovalisappropriateifusedforoneofthreepurposes:1. Compensatingforemissionsthatresultdirectlyfromanactorsactivitiesbutwhicharedifficultorimpossibletoreduce.2. CompensatingfortheEarthsemissionsres

15、ultingfromclimatechangeitself(andhenceindirectlyfrompastorfutureemissions)3. Foractorswithhighambitionsandstrongleadership,goingfurther-achievingnet-negativeemissionstoaddressthelegacyofpastemissions,tacklingthebuildupofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereandbeginningtorestoretheclimateHowshouldleadersengag

16、ewithremovals?Wehighlightthreekeyconsiderations:Understandcarbonremovalanditslimitations-itisessentialtoconsiderthecompleteend-to-endcarbonremovalandstoragechallenge.Carbonremovaltechniquescanbroadlybedividedintocategoriesaccordingtothemethodofremoval,andtheformofsubsequentformatofstorage,someofwhichareconsiderednature-based,enginee