60Coγ射线对向日葵生长发育及变异的影响.docx
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1、60Co-射线对向日葵生长发育及变异的影响摘要:本研究利用60Co射线对向日葵进行辐照,设置向日葵种子辐照剂量为0、50、100、150、200Gyo对辐照后植株生长发育指标进行观察统计,分析其辐射敏感性,观察植株变异,探究了辐照对向日葵生长发育和变异的影响,以期为向日葵辐射诱变育种提供数据支持和新育种材料。实验结果表明:辐射对向日葵的生长发育产生了明显的影响。影响多表现为低剂量促进,高剂量抑制效应,150Gy-200Gy的高剂量辐照,随着辐射剂量的增加,向日葵的生长速度明显减缓,植株高度、茎粗度、叶面积等生长指标明显降低。向日葵的半发芽剂量为753.43Gy;半致矮剂量为325.39Gy;半
2、存活剂量均高于200Gy。同时,辐照对向日葵的花期和也产生了显著的影响。变异类型主要为花器官变异和花期变异。本试验在向日葵Ml代共获得135株突变株,其中17株优良变异株,总突变株率为12.53%,优变株率为0.74%o花期突变频率最高,为4.83%o向日葵在200Gy辐照下的突变株率与优变株率均最高。建议200Gy作为向日葵诱变育种的最适宜辐照剂量。为进一步研究60Co-射线辐照对向日葵的影响提供了参考依据。关键词:向日葵;辐射诱变;生长发育指标;变异Theeffectof60Co-raysirradiationonthegrowthandvariationofsunflowersAbstr
3、act:Thisstudyconducted60Co-raysirradiationonsunflowers,settheirradiationdoseforsunflowerseedsto0,50,100,150,and200Gy.Observingandstatisticallyanalyzingthegrowthanddevelopmentindicatorsofirradiatedplants,analyzingtheirradiationsensitivity,observingplantvariation,andexploringtheimpactofradiationontheg
4、rowth,development,andvariationofsunflowers,inordertoprovidedatasupportandnewbreedingmaterialsforsunflowerradiationinducedbreeding.Theexperimentalresultsindicatethatradiationhasasignificantimpactonthegrowthanddevelopmentofsunflowers.Theimpactismostlymanifestedaslowdosepromotion,highdoseinhibitioneffe
5、ct,andhighdoseirradiationof150Gy-200Gy.Withtheexpandofradiationdose,thegrowthrateofsunflowersissignificantlysloweddown,andgrowthindicatorssuchasplantheight,stemthickness,andleafareaaresignificantlyreduced.Thehalfgerminationdoseofsunflowersis753.43Gy;Thesemidwarfdoseis325.39Gy;Thehalfsurvivaldoseishi
6、gherthan200Gy.Atthesametime,irradiationalsohadasignificantimpactonthefloweringperiodofsunflowers.Themaintypesofvariationarefloralorganvariationandfloweringperiodvariation.Inthisexperiment,atotalof135mutantplantswereobtainedintheMlgenerationofsunflowers,including17excellentmutantplants,withatotalmuta
7、tionrateof12.53%andasuperiormutationrateof0.74%.Thehighestfrequencyofmutationduringfloweringis4.83%.Themutationrateandsuperiormutationrateofsunflowerswerethehighestunder200Gyirradiation.Suggest200Gyasthemostsuitableirradiationdoseforsunflowerandcockscombmutationbreeding.Forfurtherresearchon60Co-Thee
8、ffectofradiationonsunflowersprovidesareferencebasis.Keywords:Sunflower;Radiationinducedmutation;Growthanddevelopmentindicators;variation向日葵概述向日葵是菊科向日葵属的一年生草本。其花盘为主要观赏性状,整个花盘包括舌状花和管状花两部分。花瓣也有单瓣、双瓣、半重瓣、重瓣之分。观赏向日葵最初由欧洲人种植以供观赏,后经过人工选育出多个品种,花色明亮,观赏花期显著延长。用于观赏的品种主要分为矮秆、高秆分枝型和单秆切花型三大类型。向日葵对重金属具有较强的耐受性和富集能力
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- 60 Co 射线 向日葵 生长发育 变异 影响