2024剑桥雅思讲义Sentence_Completion_Questions_Strategy_Practice.docx

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1、BlIELTSADVANTAGESentenceCompletionQuestionsStrategyPracticeTheenvironmentalimpactOffashionThefashionindustryisoneofthemajorpollutingindustriesintheworld.Theproductionanddistributionofthecrops,fibersandgarmentsusedinfashionallcontributetodifferingformsofenvironmentalpollution,includingwater,air,andso

2、ilpollution.Thetextileindustryisthesecondgreatestpolluteroflocalfreshwaterintheworld.Someofthemainfactorsthatcontributetothisindustrialpollutionarethevastoverproductionoffashionitems,theuseofsyntheticfibers,andtheagriculturalpollutioncausedbytheuseoffashioncrops.ThequantityofnewgarmentsboughtbyAmeri

3、canshastripledsincethe1960s.Thisexponentialincreasehascausedtheneedformoreresources,andtheneedforaspeedierprocessinwhichclothesareproduced.Oneofthemaincontributorstotherapidproductionofpollutionistherapidproductionofclothesduetoincreasedconsumption.Everyyeartheworldasawholeconsumesmorethan80billioni

4、temsofclothing.Thoseclothescontributetoresourcepollutionandwastepollutionduetothefactthatmostoftheseitemswillonedaybethrownout.Peopleareconsumingmoreandtheywantitforcheaperprices,andthecompaniesproducingthesecheapitems,whicharemakingaprofit,wanttheclothesasfastaspossible.Thiscreatesatrendcalledfastf

5、ashion.Fastfashionisanapproachtothedesign,creation,andmarketingofclothingfashionsthatemphasizesmakingfashiontrendsquicklyandcheaplyavailabletoconsumers.Theideaisthatspeedymassproductioncombinedwithcheaplaborwillmakeclothescheaperforthosebuyingthem,thusleadingtoincreasedsales.Themainconcernwithfastfa

6、shionistheclotheswasteitproduces.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,15.1milliontonsoftextileclothingwastewasproducedin2013alone.Whentextileclothingendsupinlandfills,thechemicalsintheclothes,suchasthedye,cancauseenvironmentalproblemsbecausetheygraduallyseepintotheground.Ontopofthat,thereisal

7、sotheissueofsomuchusedclothingwasteneedingtobedisposedofinaneverincreasingnumberoflandfillsites.Moreover,whenunsoldclothesareburned,acopiousamountofC02isreleasedintotheatmosphere.AsperaWorldResourcesInstitutereport,1.2billiontonsofC02isreleasedintotheatmosphereperyearbythefastfashionindustry.In2019,

8、itwasannouncedthatFrancewasmakinganefforttopreventcompaniesfromcarryingoutthepracticeofincineratingunsoldfashionitems.Nowthatthereisacontinuousincreaseintheamountofclothingthatisconsumed,anotherissuethatarisesisthatalotoftheclothingisnolongermadefromnaturalIELTSADVANTAGESentenceCompletionQuestionsSt

9、rategyPracticematerialsandcrops.Clothingusedtobeproducedfrommainlynaturalfiberssuchaswool,cottonorsilk,butnowadaysinexpensivesynthetictextilefiberssuchaspolyesterornylonarebecomingincreasinglycommon.Polyesterisoneofthemostpopularfibersusedinfashiontoday,anditisfoundinabout60%ofgarmentsinretailstores

10、,whichisabout21.3milliontonsofpolyester.Thepopularityofpolyesterkeepsincreasingaswell,ascanbeseenfromthefactthattherewasa157percentincreaseinpolyesterclothingconsumptionfrom2000to2015.Syntheticpolyesterismadefromachemicalreactioninvolvingcoal,petroleum,airandwater.Whencoalisburned,itemitsalargeamoun

11、tofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,andtheuseofpetroleumintheprocessreleasesseveralairpollutants,suchasparticulatematter,nitrogenoxides,carbonmonoxide,hydrogensulphideandsulphurdioxide.Moreover,polyesterisnon-biodegradable,meaningitcanneverbeconvertedintoastatethatisnaturallyfoundinthenaturalworld.Due

12、toallofthetimeandresourcesittakestomakepolyesteranditneverbeingabletoreverttoastatethatcancontributetoanynaturalnutrientcycles,polyestercanbeconsideredenergyintensivewithnonetgain.Whenpolyesterclothingiswashed,microplastics,whichareextremelysmallpiecesofplasticresultingfromthebreakdownofconsumerprod

13、ucts,areshedandenterthewatersystem,whichleadstomicropollutioninwaterways,includingoceans.Duetothesmallsizeofthemicropollutants,itiseasyforfishwithinwaterwaystoabsorbthemintheirbodyfat.Thefishcanthenbeconsumedbyhumans,andthesehumanswillalsoabsorbthepolyestermicropollutantsinthefishinaprocesscalledbio

14、magnification.Whilesyntheticfibershaveasignificantnegativeimpactontheenvironment,naturalfibersalsocontributetopollutionthroughagriculturalpollution.Cottonproductionrequiresalargeamountofpesticidesandwaterusage.Cottonisconsideredtheworldsdirtiestcropbecauseituses16%oftheworld,spesticides.Twoofthemain

15、ingredientsinpesticidesarenitratesandphosphates.Whenthepesticidesleakintostreamsystemssurroundingthecropland,thenitratesandphosphatescontributetowatereutrophication.Watereutrophicationisanenvironmentalphenomenonthatcausesadepletionofoxygenwhenthenutrientoverloadfrompesticidescausesaboominplantgrowth

16、anddeath.Asregardswool,itismadefromthefurofsheep,andsheepareruminantsandhenceproducemethane,whichisaverypotentgreenhousegas.Thesameproblemexistsforleatherascattleareruminantstoo.Fortemperatezones,linen,whichismadefromflax,isconsideredabetteralternative.Hemp,seaweedandbiofabricatedleatherareotheroptionsthatarebecomingincreasinglyviable.IELTSADVANTAGESentenceCompletionQuestionsStrategyPracticeSource:https:en.wikiDedia.orq/Wiki/Environmentalimpac