2024剑桥雅思讲义Form_and_Note_Completion_Practice_Questions_1.docx

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1、Form&NoteCompletionPracticeQuestionsCompletethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHAN2WORDSforeachanswer.NotesontheHistoryofLifeFormsontheEarthGeneticmaterialintheformof1begantocreateproteinsanddestroytheirenvironment.TheEarthbecame2withlife.Bacteriagainedtheabilitytoconsume3andproduceoxygen.Bacteriaeatingother

2、bacteriaeventuallycaused4.ThesetimesofgreatcoldandwarmthledtheEarthtobecomea5filledbyglaciers.700-800millionyearsago:6cametogethertocreatemulticellularlife.600millionyearsago:geometric7appeared,usingmicrobesfromwater.Thiseraendedwith8reappearinganddestroyingmostlife.However,mass9createdopportunities

3、fornewkindsoflife.IntheareaofChina,atypeoffishevolvedtohave10,whichdroveotherspeciestoextinction.!SMgForm&NoteCompletionPracticeQuestionsAnswerKey:1. viruses2. infected3. sunshine4. climateshocks5. snowball6. microbes7. colonies8. glaciers9. extinction(s)10. JawsLinktovideotutorial:https:STranSCriPt

4、SOUrCe:https:WWWPaleontology,asciencegearedtowardssmallchildren,focusedondiggingupdinosaurswhilesportingaJurassicParkcostume.Skullsarepoppedoutofthegroundandputondisplayforpublicgawking.Therelevanceofthis,beyondclickbait,coloringbooksandmonstermoviesisunknown.No.Wait.ThaVsnotpaleontologyatall.Paleon

5、tologyisnothinglessthanthestudyofpastlife.Allpastlife.Fromancestorstoalienforms.ItinvolvesfundamentalquestionslikeWhoarewe?AndHowdidwegethere?”-usingthebroadestpossibledefinitionof,we,*:lifeitself.Dinosaurs,acategoryofbirds,arejustasmallpercentageofthat.Yettheygetthemostmediaattention.Ifsaveryaccura

6、tememe;Ididntevenmakethisone.Thisisjustthetruth.Anyway,mostofuspaleontologistsconsiderdinosaurstobeagatewaydrug.Thereissomuchcoolerstuffinthefossilrecord,andweknowsomuchaboutit.Letsgoonabrief,dinosaur-freetourofthelastfourbillionyears.Form&NoteCompletionPracticeQuestionsFirstup,geneticmaterial.Virus

7、es,basically,startedproducingproteinsandwreckingtheirenvironment.TheEarthwasinfectedwithlife.Someofthesenewbacterialearnedhowtoeatsunshine,producingoxygen,pullingincarbonfromtheairanddestroyingtheironfoodofothermicrobesbyturningitintorust.Thiswentonforbillionsofyears.Somebacteriaconsumedotherbacteri

8、a,gainingtheirpowertoturnoxygenintoenergy,becomingtheprecursorsofanimalsandplants.Butasaresult,therewereclimateshocks,fromhottocoldandbackagain,whichendedupturningtheEarthintoasnowballcoveredwithglaciers.ThetechnicaltermforthistimeperiodisSnowballEarth.mSevenhundred,eighthundredmillionyearsago.Anywa

9、y,microbesbandedtogether,creatingmulticellularlife.Sixhundredmillionyearsago,geometriccoloniesappeared,suckingmicrobesfromthewater.Theseweresoonreplacedbytheancestorsofmodernanimals.TheCambrianexplosion.Lobsterrelativesateotheranimals,capturingthemusingtheirgraspingarms.Armoredwrigglingclamwormscraw

10、ledacrosstheseafloorandintoit,creatingnewecosystems.Ourtadpole-likeancestorsflittedalongancientcoastlines,whiletheireel-likerelativeswithgnashingthroatteethswamabovetheice-creamconecoralsofthefirstreefs,dodgingschool-bus-sizedkrakensandhungryseascorpions.Plantfunguscameontoland.Butthentheglaciersret

11、urned,killingprettymucheverything.Butmassextinctionsopenopportunities.Jawlessfishesinvadedtheocean,sportingpoints,prongs,andfinally,fins.Spiders,scorpions,snailsandwormscameontoland.SomewherearoundChina,afishdevelopedjaws,anditsdescendantsdrovejawlessfishes,seascorpionsandbranchingplanktontoextinction.Someofthesefishes,whichhadarmbonesintheirfins,sproutedfingers,sevenoreightperflipper.Onland,plantsbecametrees,growingmassiveorspreadingtheirsporesonlyoncebeforedying.