上消化道大量出血.ppt
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1、 v250,000 500,000 admissions/year USvUGI bleeding incidence 100/100,000 adults Incidence increases 20-30 fold from third to ninth decade of lifevLGI bleeding incidence 20/100,000 adults Overwhelmingly disease of the elderlyvGI bleeding stops spontaneously in 80%vMajority will receive blood transfusi
2、onsv2 10%require urgent surgery to arrest bleedingvAverage LOS 4 7 daysvMortality rates for UGI bleeding 2 15%vMortality for patients who develop bleeding after admission to hospital for another reason is 20 30%vAverage hospital costs exceed$5,000 per admissionvMost of this for hospital bed and ICU
3、stays rather than physician fees,blood products,diagnostic tests,or medicationsvReduction of hospital admissions and LOS has greatest potential to reduce costsv上消化道概念?v上消化道大量出血概念 部位 出血量:指出血达全身血量的30%50%时(15002000ml),临床上出现低血容量性休克,收缩压10.7kPa(80mmHg),脉压差3.34.0kPa(2530mmHg)及脉搏快而弱(脉搏120次/min),血红蛋白 70g/L,红
4、细胞计数 31012/L。出血速度?vHematemesis 25%vMelena alone 25%,50 100 cc of blood will render stool melenicvHematochezia 15%,seen in massive UGI hemorrhagev“Red blood”hematemesisv“Coffee ground”emesisv按照发病机制可分为以下五类 炎症性疾患:机械性疾患:血管性疾患:赘生物:全身性疾患:v呕血与黑粪:v急性失血所致的表现v发热v氮质血症v血象变化v原发病表现1、临床判断:v粪便潜血阳性:510mlv柏油便:60100ml
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- 消化道 大量 出血
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