核磁共振测井.ppt
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1、1 核磁共振测井核磁共振测井2Why NMR Logging3Why NMR Logging?Porosity f fSaturation SwPermeability Kf f Neutronf f DensityRtSw 60%waterSw 40%oil40%Sw 60%oil+waterSwRwRt=f2What will the reservoir produce?Formation4Why NMR Logging?Neutron/Density log responsesPorosity f fSolidsComplex mineralogyFormation model1.Les
2、s sensitivity to pore fluids than to solid matrix;2.Radioactivity sources.5Why NMR Logging?Resistivity log responsesWater porosity f fwFormation modelComplex texture1.No resolution to capillary bound water;2.Difficulty to determine clay bound water;3.No sensitive to hydrocarbon types 6Why NMR Loggin
3、g?f f Neutronf f DensityResistivity RtSensitive volumes are poorly definedBore hole fluids effectsMud cake effectsRugosity effectsDepth of investigation mismatchVertical resolution mismatch 7 Total Porosity Effective PorosityPore Size Distribution PermeabilityCBW/BVI/FFI RockPropertiesFluidPropertie
4、sReservoirUnderstanding Hydrocarbon detection Hydrocarbon typingWhy NMR Logging?Log AnalystWhere are the HCs?How much HC?What type of HC?PetrophysicistWhat are the fluids?What is the reservoir quality?What will flow?Reservoir EngineerWhat will produce?At what rate?Which recovery strategy?The NMR log
5、ging provides answers for:8NMR Physics9NSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNS+gpm=2hINSNS Magnetization10+NS1112Many spinsz zMMy yx xfBoo22B3)1(KTIIhNM+=gMagnetizationNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSt t SN8NS13+gp m=2hIQuantum Mech.View(Energy)Classical View(Orientation)high Elow ED DEAppliedMagne
6、ticField,Bo1415B1t tPulse angleq q=g g B1 t tMMMMq qPulse Angle(in rotating frame of reference)f16MMMMq qfMMMq=90q=90 fMMMq=180q=180 f9090 pulse180180 pulseB1t tPulse angleq q=g g B1 t t17 在核磁测井中测量核磁弛豫的方法主在核磁测井中测量核磁弛豫的方法主要有自由感应衰减、自旋回波、反转恢要有自由感应衰减、自旋回波、反转恢复法等。自由感应衰减法在井下测量简复法等。自由感应衰减法在井下测量简便易行,自旋回波法可以
7、消除由于扩散便易行,自旋回波法可以消除由于扩散而对测量结果带来的误差,便结果更为而对测量结果带来的误差,便结果更为准确可靠,并且提高了信噪比。准确可靠,并且提高了信噪比。1890 pulse90 pulseFIDTime Free Induction Decay(FID)190 0t t2 2t tFIDFIDEcho9090180180Time(ms)(ms)Time(ms)(ms)1234520Signal1st Spin-Echo2nd Spin-EchoT Decay2T *Decay2RFTE/2TETE90180180Spin Echo Train21Time(ms)(ms)2 2
8、t t4 4t t6 6t t8 8t tTETE9090 18018018018018018018018022弛弛 豫豫 在射频脉冲施加以前,自旋系统处于平衡状态,磁化矢量在射频脉冲施加以前,自旋系统处于平衡状态,磁化矢量与静磁场方向相同,射频脉冲作用期间,磁化矢量偏离静磁场与静磁场方向相同,射频脉冲作用期间,磁化矢量偏离静磁场方向,射频脉冲作用完后,磁化矢量又将通过自由进动,朝方向,射频脉冲作用完后,磁化矢量又将通过自由进动,朝B0方向恢复,使核自旋从非平衡态分布恢复到平衡态分布。恢复方向恢复,使核自旋从非平衡态分布恢复到平衡态分布。恢复到平衡的过程中叫做到平衡的过程中叫做弛豫弛豫,它包含
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