急性肾小球肾炎讲课.ppt
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1、suffered from tonsillitis after 10 daysan eight-year-old boy casehematuriaedemaChildsmothers?郑州大学第一附属医院儿内科郑州大学第一附属医院儿内科急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎Acute glomerulonephritisAcute glomerulonephritis,AGNAGNTo be familiar with the etiology of AGNTo be familiar with the pathogenesis of AGNTo master the clinical manifes
2、tation of AGNTo master the diagnosis and treatment of AGNTo be familiar with the course and prognosis of AGNpurpose and requirement 急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎 指一组病因不一,临床表现为急性起病,多有前期感染,以血尿为主,伴不同程度的蛋白尿,可有水肿.高血压或肾功能不全等特点的肾小球疾病。introduction 急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎水肿 edema少尿 oliguria 血尿 hematuria高血压 hypertensionintroduction
3、急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎 绝大多数为A组溶血性链球菌感染后所致,称之为acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis(APSGN)。514岁儿童好发。etiology急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎 其他如葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、麻疹病毒、流感病毒及腮腺炎病毒也可引起急性肾炎,但较少见。绝大多数为A组溶血性链球菌的某些致肾炎菌株(nephritogenic streptococci)感染后所致。M蛋白肾炎菌株协同蛋白内链球菌素致肾炎菌株的抗原成分pathogenesis急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎循环免疫复合物 circulating immune compl
4、exes原位免疫复合物 insitu immune complexes自身免疫 autoimmunization 链球菌神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NM)细胞免疫 cellular immunity非免疫因素(如激肽释放酶和前列腺素)+自身抗原pathogenesis急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎Inflammation infection急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎pathologyAGN病理模式图 proliferation of both endothelial and mesangial cell Infiltration of leukocytes antigen anti
5、body complex deposits (humps)in the subepithelial spaceCharacteristic of pathology急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎pathologypathology急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎pathology急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎pathogenesisantigen antibody complexImmunologicinjury血浆及红、白细胞渗入肾小球囊肾小球滤过率下降水钠潴留血容量全身毛细血管通透性hypertension高血压hematuria(血尿)proteinuria(蛋白尿)
6、cylindruria(管型尿)edema水肿oliguria少尿clinical manifestation急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎前驱感染(前驱感染(prodrome)-呼吸道感染和皮肤感染呼吸道感染和皮肤感染 tonsillitis/cutaneous infection*不同感染所致APSGN的差异 always 3 weeksabout 10 days,latent period Summer,autumnWinter,springseason49,55,5712,1,4serotype of streptococci respiratory tract infection cu
7、taneous infection急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎typical manifestation-edemaclinical manifestation Edema is the most frequent and sometimes the only clinical finding.It may be either local or generalized.急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎typical manifestation-尿量减少尿量减少oliguria or anuriaclinical manifestationage normalurine volumeoliguria
8、anuriaschool age800-140040030-50preschool age600-800300toddler500-600120/80120/80学龄儿130/90130/90高血压脑病高血压脑病 hypertensive encephalopathy急性肾小球肾炎急性肾小球肾炎severe manifestationBP脑血管痉挛headache头痛头痛cereral edema脑水肿脑水肿脑血管充血vomiting呕吐呕吐visual disturbance视力障碍视力障碍convulsion惊厥惊厥coma昏迷昏迷140/90mmHg140/90mmHg急性肾小球肾炎急性
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