粗糙壁对湍流的影响完成版.docx
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1、粗糙壁对湍流的影响一.名目(-)沿程阻力系数入与沿程水头损失hf关系(二)尼古拉兹试验1 .传统试验介绍及尼古拉兹曲线分析2 .尼古拉兹圆管沿程水流阻力试验的新发觉(三)沿程阻力系数入的计算1 .人工粗糙管中的半阅历公式2 .工业管道人值的计算公式3 .阅历公式4例题(四)实际工程应用中人计算1 .高浓度管道输沙中沿程阻力系数影响因素分析2 .隧道通风井喷射混凝土壁面沿程阻力系数(实地测量)二.正文(-)沿程阻力系数与沿程水头损失hf关系!.Because of the complexity of turbulent flow, the calculation equation for fri
2、ctional loss in turbulent flow can only be set up by applying dimensional analysis method.The calculation equation frictional loss in turbulent now is the same as that in laminar now in form, what is different is frictional drag coefficient , namely由于紊流的简单性,紊流沿程损失的计算公式只能借助量纲分析法来一居建立。公式在形式上与层流一样,所不同的
3、只是沿程阻力系数入,即for Iaminarflow对层流=64Refor turbulent flow, is the function of reynolds number Re and relative roughness /d, that isA小号)对紊流,人是雷诺数Re和相对粗糙度Ad的函数,即(二)Nikuradse Experiment尼古拉兹试验L传统试验介绍German dynamicist and engineer-Nikuradse conducted experimental determination on frictional drag coefficient c
4、ross-section velocity distribution in pipe flow in 1933,the experimental equipment is similar to that in Reynolds experiment. During tests, Nikuradse glued closely homogeneous sand grains screened on pipe wall to make the so-called artificially rough pipezthen he measured average velocity v on cross
5、-section and friction head loss hf at different flow rate in pipes of different relative roughness, calculated magnitudes of Re and 入by corresponding formulas and marked their logarithmic points on plotting M A。号)paper, the curveengenderd in such a way is calledNikuradse curve graph, as shown in fig
6、l1933年德国力学家和工程师尼古拉兹进行了管流沿程摩阻 系数和断面速度分布的试验测定,其试验装置类似雷诺试验。 试验时,尼古拉兹将筛选过的匀称砂粒紧密地贴在管壁表面, 做成人工粗糙管,然后对不同相对粗糙度的管道测量其在不 同流量下的断面平均流速V和沿程水头损失hf ,按相应公 式算出Re和入 值,取对数点绘制坐标纸上,得到曲线,即所谓的尼姑拉兹曲线图,如图figl =4&用所示。According to the variation characteristic of , Nikuradse curve may be divided into five regions:根据A变化的特征,尼古拉
7、兹曲线可分为五个区域:Region | Izminar flow region (line ab). When Re 2000( or tRe 3.36) , A is free from relative roughness d, this agrees with the equation A = 64Re.第I区一层流区(OA线)。当&2000(4000(or IgRe 3.6), flow is in turbulent regime. d has no influence on A , only Re concerns.第区一素流光滑区(Cd线)。当Re4000(e3.6)时,此时流动
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