第七章土壤形成和发育.ppt
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1、1UNITE 2UNITE 2SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES土壤环境过程土壤环境过程7.SoilFormation and Development 土壤形成和发育土壤形成和发育8.Soil Colloidal Chemistry and Surface Reaction土壤胶体化学和表面反应土壤胶体化学和表面反应9.Soil Acidity/Alkalinity and Re-dox Reaction土壤酸碱性和氧化还原反应土壤酸碱性和氧化还原反应10.Soil Nutrient Cycling 土壤养分元素循环土壤养分元素循环2红壤红壤7.1 Soil-formin
2、g factors and its functions 土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用7.2 Pedogenic processes 土壤形成过程土壤形成过程7.3 Soil development 土壤发育土壤发育3 In later nineteenth-century Russia,V.V.7.1.1 Soil-forming factors土壤形成因素土壤形成因素7.1 Soil-forming factors and its functions 土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用 又称成土因素,是影响土壤形成和发
3、育的基本因素,又称成土因素,是影响土壤形成和发育的基本因素,它是一种物质、力、条件或关系或它们的组合,其已经它是一种物质、力、条件或关系或它们的组合,其已经对土壤形成发生影响或将影响土壤的形成。对土壤形成发生影响或将影响土壤的形成。l成土因素学说成土因素学说4Soil=f(cl,o,r,p,t,)climate 气候气候 organisms 生物生物 relief 地形地形 parent material 母质母质 time 时间时间 human active 人为活动人为活动Clorpt 函数式函数式5l成土因素学说的基本原理成土因素学说的基本原理土壤是成土因素综合作用的结果土壤是成土因素综
4、合作用的结果成土因素具有同等重要性和不可替代性成土因素具有同等重要性和不可替代性成土因素的时空分异导致土壤演化持续进行成土因素的时空分异导致土壤演化持续进行 The operation of pedogenic processesis controlled by a number of environmental factors operating through the medium of time and that these determine the type of soil produced in any particular location.The soil-forming fa
5、ctors operate in combination.It is no tpossible to rank them in order of importance they are all equally important,although within any one environment certain factors may have a more dominant influence on soil formation than others.6l地带性土壤地带性土壤(Zonalsoils)At the regional and global scale,climate and
6、 biota will have a dominant influence on soil formation,and soil types can be related in general terms to bioclimatic zones.The remaining factors will then account for variations in soil formation within a particular bioclimatic zone.Zonal soils:soil varied with latitude according to climatic and ve
7、getation conditions.Intrazonal soils:soils were more closely associated with parent material or drainage conditions.Azonal soils:soils were poorly developed,duo mainly to lack of time.7全球土壤全球土壤-植被景观图植被景观图8全球气温时空变化对土壤形成的影响9全球降水量时空变化对土壤形成的影响10Surfacerock weathering Weatheringcrust(风化壳)Soil Parent mate
8、rial is main mineral sources of soil formation,and its nature is fundamental to many soil characteristics.Parentmaterial(母质)Organisms active and organic matter accumulation(pedogenic processes)11l Definition of parent material 母质是风化壳(weathering crust)的表层,是指原生基岩(original bedrock)经过风化、搬运、堆积等过程于地表形成的一层
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- 第七 土壤 形成 发育
