托福作文写作范文详解urin.docx

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1、托福作文写作范文详解ReadingLargenumbersofdinosaurfossilshavebeendiscoveredindepositsonAlaskasNorthSlopezaregionthattodayexperiencesanextremelycoldzarcticclimate.OnehundredmillionyearsagozwhenthosedinosaurswerealiveztheenvironmentoftheNorthSlopewasalreadyinhospitable,especiallyduringthewinterwhenitexperienceds

2、everalmonthsoftotaldarkness.Howdidthedinosaurssurvivethewintertime?PaleontologistshaveproposedthatoneofthemostcommonNorthSlopedinosaurs,theelephant-sizededmontosaur(Edmontosaurus)zsurvivedthewinterbymigratingsouthtomorehospitableregions.Severalargumentssupportthemigrationhypothesis.Firstztheedmontos

3、aur1sdietsupportsthemigrationhypothesis.Edmontosaursfedexclusivelyonplants.SincetherewouldhavebeennoplantsgrowingduringthecoldanddarkNorthslopewinter,itappearsthattheedmontosaurmusthaveleftforatleastpartoftheyearandmigratedtomoretemperatezonestofindfood.Secondzmanyedmontosaurskeletonshavebeenunearth

4、edfromthesamesite.Thissuggeststhatedmontosaurslivedinherd.Manymodern-daymigratoryanimals,suchascaribouandbuffalozliveandmigrateinherdsaswell.Movinginherdshelpsanimalscoordinatetheirmigration.Thefindingthatedmonotsaurslivedinherdsfurthersupportsthemigrationhypothesis.Finally,ednonosaurswerephysically

5、capableofmigratinglongdistances.Toreachmorehospitableregion,theedmontosaurhadtomigrateaboutlz600kilometerssouthward.Tomakesuchajourney,theedmontosaurneededtomoveataboutfivekilometersperhourforseveralweeks,whichiscertainlycoulddo.Theseanimalscouldrunveryfast,reachingspeedsupto45kilometersperhour.Itco

6、uldhaveeasilyuseditslocomotivepowertomovetowarmerclimateduringtheharsharcticwinters.ListeningThehypothesesthattheEdmontosaurmigratedeverywinterisnotConvincing.FirstztheEdmontosaurdidnothavetomigratetofindfood.OnehundredmillionyearsagozthesummertemperaturesintheNorthSlopeareawerewarmerthantheyaretoda

7、y.Andremember,inarcticregionsliketheNorthSlope,thesunshines24hoursadayatthepeakofthesummer.Thewarmtemperaturesandextensivedaylightcreatedincrediblygoodgrowingconditionsforplants,somuchvegetationwasproducedduringthesummerthatwhenthevegetationdiedasthewintercame,therewasalotofnutritiousdeadvegetationa

8、roundinthewinter.TheEdmontosaurcouldhaveeasilylivedonthedeadplantmatterduringthewinter.SecondJustbecauseofEdmontosaurlivedinherdsdoesntmeantheymigrated.Animalsliveinherdsformanyotherreasons.Livinginherds,forexample,providesanimalswithextraprotectionfrompredators.Havingextraprotectionisusefulevenfort

9、heanimalsthatliveinthesameareathewholeyearround.AmodernexampleofthisistheRooseveltelk-alargeplant-eater.RooseveltelksliveintheforestsofthewesternUnitedStates.Theyliveinherdsbuttheydonotmigrate.Third,althoughadultEdmontosauruswerecapableofmigratinglongdistances,whataboutEdmontosaurusthatwerenotyetadu

10、lts?JuvenileEdmontosauruswerenotphysicallycapableoftravelingthegreatdistancesrequiredtoreachwarmerterritoriesandwouldhaveslowedtheherdssomuchthattheherdsneverwouldhavemadeittoitsdestination.Theherdcouldnothaveleftthejuvenilesbehindbecausethejuvenileswouldnothavesurvivedontheirown.Sothewholeherdhadto

11、staywheretheywereandsurvivethecoldNorthSlope.一、阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageEdmontosaur(Edmontosaurus)zsurvivedthewinterbymigratingsouthtomorehospitableregions.1. EdmontosaursfedexclusivelyonplantswhichcannotfindinthecoldanddarkNorthslopewinter,2. Manyedmontosaurskeletonshavebeenunearthedfromthesamesite,wh

12、ichsuggeststhatedmontosaurslivedinherd.3. Ednonosaurswerephysicallycapableofmigratinglongdistances.LectureEdmontosaurmigratedeverywinterisnotconvincing.1. EdmontosaurdidnothavetomigratetofindfoodbecauseofonehundredmillionyearsagothesummertemperaturesintheNorthSlopeareawerewarmerthantheyaretoday.2. A

13、nimalslivedinherdsformanyotherreasons.Forexample,providesanimalsextraprotectionfrompredators.3. Juvenileedmontosaurwerenotphysicallycapableoftravellingingreatdistancesrequiredtoreachwarmerterritoriesandwouldhaveslowedtheherdssomuchthattheherdneverwouldhavemadetoitsdestination.二、范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Inthe

14、readingmaterial,theauthorarguesthatEdmontosaurusmigratedtothesouthernpartinordertosurvivethecoldweatherintheNorthSlope.Thelecturer,however,reputesthatitisnotconvincingatallforthefollowingthreereasons.此段功能在文章首段，总结了阅读材料中的主要观点，即Edmontosaurus移民到南部是为了在NorthSlope的寒冷气候下生存。然而演讲者提出三点反驳意见，并为下文论证做好铺垫。此段结构此段为并列

15、结构，分别指出了阅读材料和演讲的观点。Paragraph2FirstofallzthepassagepointsoutthatEdmontosaurusfedonplantsexclusivelyanditwasdifficultforthemtofindfoodincoldwinter.Yetthespeakerarguesthatwarmweatherinsummerprovidedperfectconditionforplantstogrow.SoEdmontosaurusmighthavefoundlotsofnutritiousdeadvegetationaroundduringth

16、ewinter,whichmademigrationunnecessary.此段功能本段提出第一个矛盾点,先陈述了文章的观点，即Edmontosaurus很难在寒冷的冬天找到食物。然而演讲者指出，夏天植物很好生长，冬天Edmontosaurus也可以在腐烂的蔬菜里找到很多营养，因此没有移居。此段结构此段为并列结构，分别陈述了阅读材料和演讲的观点。Paragraph3SecondzunearthedskeletonsfromthesamesiteindicatedthatEdmontosauruslivedinherds.Livinginherdsmademigrationmucheasy.ButthelecturergivesanexampleofRooseveltelkstoprovethatgrouplivingmighthavevarioustypesofreasons.SoEdmontosaurusmayliveinherdsinordertose