计算机导论复习.ppt
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1、计算机导论考前辅导学习方法应试方法 认真对待作业题,作业题就是考试题 老师上课讲的内容就是考试内容(不必死扣书本) 考试不交白卷,越不会越多写(相关公式、概念、自己的想法) 大学考试考的是记忆力,请珍惜自己的大脑 神通广大的打印店(复习资料、历年试卷)Chapter 1 IntroductionComputer Is a programmable data processor that accepts input data and programs and outputs data.Computer System Solve problems and interact with their e
2、nvironment. They consist of Devices, programs, and data.Program Is a set of instructions executed sequentially that tells the computer what to do with data.Chapter 1 IntroductionVon Neumann ModellFour Subsystems MemoryMemory(内存) Arithmetic Arithmetic Logic Logic UnitUnit(ALU ALU ,算术逻辑单元) Control Uni
3、t Control Unit(控制器) Input/Output Input/Output(输入/输出设备)lStored Program ConceptlSequential Execution Of InstructionsChapter 2 Data RepresentationData TypeslText BytelNumber ASCIIlImage Bitmap,Vector,Pixel,ResolutionlAudio Digital,AnaloglVideo FrameChapter 2 Data RepresentationTextlBit (位) A bit (binar
4、y digit) is the smallest unit of data that can be stored in a computer,it is either 0 or 1. lBit Pattern(位组合格式) A bit pattern is a sequence, or as it is sometimes called, a string of bits that can represent a symbol. lByte(字节) A bit pattern of length 8 is called a byte. Chapter 2 Data Representation
5、NumberlASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)(美国信息交换标准代码). This code uses 7 bits for each symbol. This means 128 different symbols can be defined by this code.Chapter 2 Data RepresentationImagelBitmap Graphic Pixel: Picture elementsResolution: The size of the pixelChapter 2
6、 Data RepresentationImagelVector Graphic An image is decomposed into a combination of curves and lines. Each curve or line is represented by a mathematical formula.Chapter 3 Number RepresentationConcepts Decimal system (十进制十进制) based on 10,0-9; Binary system (二进制二进制) based on 2,0-1; Octal notation (
7、八进制八进制) based on 8,0-7; Hexadecimal notation (十六进制十六进制) based on 16 ,0-9,A-F。Chapter 3 Number RepresentationConversionConversion Decimal Binary Hexadecimal notation Octal notationChapter 3 Number RepresentationInteger Representation Unsigned Integer(无符号整数)(无符号整数) Overflow(溢出)(溢出) Sign-and-Magnitude
8、Format(原码)原码) +0 00000000 -0 10000000Range: 0 . (2N-1)Range: -(2N-1-1) +(2N-1-1)Chapter 3 Number RepresentationInteger Representation Ones Complement Format(反码反码) +0 00000000 -0 11111111 Twos Complement Format(补码)补码)Range: -2N-1 +(2N-1-1)Range: -(2N-1-1) +(2N-1-1)Chapter 3 Number RepresentationExces
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