专题08 主旨大意题（阅读理解题型通关）（解析版）.docx

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1、专题08主旨大意题通关练1 .主旨大意题解题策略2 .名校优选专项通关练r解题策略】主旨大您SS是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上为文率进行归纳、概括或评价,解答此类超型时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于Iiue和mainidea类JS都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、谙才知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断.从而发现文中胞含的信息。从出形式看:常见的f标四类和上H大息类.标A1.类解策略特点，.ft;充分引发读者的阅读欲里，2 .概括件:准确而又简短.3 .针对性:标题外Jf与文章内容刚好相符。方法t1 .中心句法:利用主题中心句中的主遨词作标应.2 .一介法:将文章的写

2、作对象和其主要特点意义或影响整合后作标牌文章大意类解题策略特点：不同体拢文章主即句的常见位置不同，共作用各不相同.位M1 .必以（新付报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主趣，使读者一开始就明臼文章的内容及主旨。2 .丕揖记叙文、议论文.起到照应开头、总结全文升华主题的作用”在最后对全文进行概括和总结,进一步明确文章的中心刖想,使作者的观点表达得更清楚.3 .各段主题句整合即文章大意，借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想”.4 .而一训:当文章或段落中没有明确的主跑句时.可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高颇词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨大急。5 .线

3、室：记叙文类文堂都有一个主战，如，一个彳i趣的人或一件难忘的，等。全文第烧该主规组织材料,分析文欧的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。正确逸项帆Ei性强.攫盖全文或全段.2 .范围不大也不小.3 .精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。.过于笼统范围过大.2 .以偏概全.主次不分。3 .偷换概念，张冠李戴。4 .无中生有,主观腌断.【名校优选专项通关练】1.(2024浙江杭州学军中学校考模IMIioTe1.evisionhasIransfbrmedpo1.iciesintheUnitedStatesbychanging(hewayinwhichi

4、nfb11nationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizenspatternsof心PGn牌topo1.itics.Bygivingcitizensiukpendcntaccesstothecandidates,te1.evisionreducedthero1.eofthepo1.itica1.partyinthese1.ectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpo1.iticsonthepersonofthecandidate,te1.evisionacce1.e

5、ratedthecitizen*sfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Te1.evisionhasa1.teredthef11nsofPoIiIiCHcommunicationaswe1.1.ThemessagesonwhichnosiofusN1.yarebriefer(hanIheyoncewere.Tbes1.umpspeech,aPO1.iIiCa1.SPeeChgivenby(rave1.ingpo1.iticiansand1.astingI(o2hours,whichwaspopu1.arin(heninetee11h-century.hasgiven

6、wayco(he30socondadvertisementandtheIOsecond“soUndbiteinbroadcastnews.Increasing1.ytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepo1.iticianbutrathertheviewingaiicnccwhowi1.1.hearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.Inthesesimp1.ifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditiona1.po1.itica1.speechofea

7、r1.ierageshasbeen1.ost.In15or30seconds,aspeakerCannO1.estab1.ishthehistorica1.context(hatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetai1.theprobab1.ecausesoftheprob1.em,andcannotexamineahernaivepx)sa1.s(oargueIha1.oneispreferab1.etoohes.Inshortvideos,po1.iticiansassert(断11)butdono1.arue.Becausete1.evisionisan

8、intimate(亲密的)medium,speakingIhmUghitrequiresachangedPOIitiCa1.sty1.ethatismoreconversationa1.,persona1.,andvisua1.1.hanthatoftheo1.d-sty1.es1.umpspeech.Re1.ianceonte1.evisionIneanSthatincreasing1.yourpo1.itica1.wor1.dcontainsmemorab1.epicturesaatber(hanmemorab1.ewords.Schoo1.s(eachustoana1.yzeWoMSan

9、dPrin1.However,inawor1.dinwhichpo1.iticsisincreasing1.yvisua1.,info11edcitizenshiprequiresaewseiofski1.1.s.Recognizingthepowerofte1.evisionspictures,po1.iticianscraftte1.evisua1.,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepo1.itica1.activityweseeonte1.evisionnewshasbeencraftedhypo1.iticians

10、,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpub1.icre1.ationsadvisersforte1.evisedconsumption.SoundbitesinnewsandanswersIoquestionsindeba1.esincreasing1.ysound1.ikeadvertisements.WhaIsIheZS1.tit1.eforthepassage?A. te1.evision:anAgentofChangeinPo1.iticsB. Te1.evision:aP1.atformforPo1.itica1.DebateC. Te1.evision:an/X

11、hemaiiveoStumpSpeechD. Te1.evision:aNewMediumforCommuniva1.ion【答案】A【解析】E斤大意ISC通读全文,井根据第段“Te1.evisionhasInmsfbrmcdPo1.i1.icsin1.hcUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizenspatternsofresponse(oPHiUes.(电视改变了倍息传播的方式,改变了政治运动,改变了公民对政治的反应模式.

12、从而改变/美国的政治可知.文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式C如今的政治演说比过去更像广告CA选项,电视：政治变革的推动者,以符合文章标题。故选A,2.(2024浙江兴海宁南育锻中学校考模拟Bff1.pJu1.y2023wasthewor1.dswarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWor1.dMeteoro1.ogica1.Organization.UNSecretary-Genera1.AntonioGutcrrcssaidinaspeechthatthep1.anetisenteringaneraofg1.oba1.boi1.ing*.Howt

13、ocoo1.(hep1.anethas1.ongbeenatroub1.ingquestionforscientis1.s.Theyarenowturningtosun-b1.ockingtechno1.ogy.WhiChreferstoref1.ectingsun1.ightbackintospaceinordertokeepdown(heCcniperatun?ofthep1.anetsc1.imate.AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeante1.evisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvo1.vespumpingsun-b1.ockingpartic

14、1.es(粒f)intotheupperatmosphere.,Ihepartic1.eswi1.1.thenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackUPwaMS.I1.is1.ikeapp1.yingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearcheisatYa1.cUniversity.US.out1.inedap1.antouse125high-f1.yingp1.anestospreadthepartic1.esatIauHMie$（萍度）of60degreesnorthandsouth.Thepartic1.eswi1.1.th

15、entrave1.（ward（hepo1.es,whichcou1.dpossib1.yc1.thetemperaturethereby2,C.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueisca1.1.edc1.oudb11ghtcning,accordingtoChnsSacca.aUSc1.imateexpert.Ihismethodinvo1.vessendingseasa1.tpartic1.esintoc1.oudsabovethesea.makingthemwhiterandthustheyreec1.moresun1.ightbackin1.space.inJun

16、e.IheUSgovemmen（announcedinareportthatItwasoft*eringsupportforso1.arengineeringresearchawaytos1.owtheriseofg1.oba1.temperatures.Accordingto（herepo11.（heUSgovernmentbe1.ievesthatthetechno1.ogyof1.rsIhepossibi1.ityofcoo1.ingIhep1.anetsignificant1.yinafewyears.However,fo1.1.owingIhcreport,anopen1.etterbymorethan60scientistsCd1.Cdfarca