Fatigue-is-a-risk-factor-for-flight-performance.docx
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1、Fatigueisariskfactorforflightperformanceandsafetyincommercialaviation.InUScommercialavi-ation,tohelptocurbfatigue,themaximumdurationofflightdutyperiodsisregulatedbasedonthescheduledstarttimeandthenumberofflightsegmentstobeflown.Thereisscientificsupportforregu-latingmaximumdutydurationbasedonschedule
2、dstarttime;fatigueiswellestablishedtobemodulatedbycircadianrhythms.However,ithasnotbeenestablishedscientificallywhetherthenumberofflightsegments,perse,affectsfatigue.Toaddressthissciencegap.weconductedarandomized,counterbalanced,cross-overstudywith24active-dutyregionalairlinepilots.Objectiveandsubje
3、ctivefatiguewascomparedbetweena9-hordutydaywithmultipletake-offsandlandingsversusadutydayofequaldurationwithasingletake-offandlanding.Tostandardizeexperimentalconditionsandisolatethefatiguingeffectofthenumberofsegmentsflown,theentiredutyscheduleswerecarriedoutinahigh-fidelity,moving-base,full-flight
4、,regionaljetflightsimulator.Stepsweretakentomaintainoperationalrealism,includingsimulatedair-planeinspectionsandacceptancechecks,useofrealisticdispatchreleasesandairportcharts,real-worldairtrafficcontrolinteractions,etc.Duringeachofthetwodutydays,10fatiguetestboutswereadmiis-tered,whichincludeda10-m
5、inutePsychomotorVigilanceTest(PVT)assessmentofobjectivefatigueandSamn-Perelli(SP)andKarolinskaSleepinessScale(KSS)assessmentsofsubjectivesleepiness-fatigue.Resultsshowedagreaterbuild-upofobjectiveandsubjectivefatigueinthemulti-segmentdutydaythaninthesingle-segmentdutyday.Withdutystarttimeandduration
6、andothervariablesthatcouldimpactfatiguelevelsheld11stant.thegreaterbuild-upoffatigueinthemulti-segmentdutydaywasattributablespecificallytothedifferenceinthenumberofflightsegmentsflown.Comparedtofindingsinpreviouslypublishedlaboratorystudiesofsimulatednightshiftsandnighttimesleepdeprivation,themagnit
7、udeofthefatiguingeffectofthemultipletake-offsandlandingswasmodest.Ratingsofflightperformancewerenotsignificantlyreducedforthesimulatedmulti-segmentdutyday.TheUSdutyandflighttimeregulationsforcommercialaviationshortenthemaximumdutydurationinmulti-segmentoperationsbyupto25%dependingfunctionoftimeawake
8、(Daanetal.,1984;Dijketal.,1992).Thecircadianandhomeostaticprocessesinteracttogeneratepredictabledielpat-ternsoffatigue(DijkandCzeisler,1994;GabehartandVanDongen,inpress),wherethetermfatiguereferstosleepinessandperfor-manceimpairment(asiscommonpracticeinoperationalsettings;seeSatterfieldandVanDongen,
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