美国名人 画家 温斯洛·霍默.docx

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1、美国名人画家温斯洛霍默WinslowHomer,1836-1910:AmericasGreatestPainterofthe19thCenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:28repeatByMarioRitter2010-7-24Photo:APManycriticssayWinslowHomersTheArmyofthePotomac-ASharp-ShooteronPicketDutyshowsthecold,mechanicalnatureofwarfare.STEVEEMBER:ImSteveEmber.BARBARAK1.EIN:AndImBarb

2、araKleinwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutWinslowHomer,consideredtobethegreatestAmericanartistofthenineteenthcentury.Homercreatedpicturesthatshowedtherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.Thestrong,clearimageshedrewandpaintedmatchedthewild,developingandproudUnitedStatesofthelateei

3、ghteenhundreds.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:WinslowHomerwasthesecondofthreesonsofHenriettaBensonandCharlesSavageHomer.HewasborninBoston,Massachusettsineighteenthirty-sixandgrewupinCambridge.Hisfatherwasanimporteroftoolsandothergoods.Hismotherwasapainter.Winslowgothisinterestindrawingandpaintingfromhismother.Bu

4、thisfatheralsosupportedhissonsinterest.Once,onabusinesstripto1.ondon,CharlesHomerboughtasetofdrawingexamplesforhissontocopy.YoungWinslowusedthesetodevelophisearlyskill.BARBARAK1.EIN:WinslowsolderbrotherCharleswenttoHarvardUniversityinCambridge.ThefamilyexpectedWinslowwouldgo,too.But,atthetime,Harvar

5、ddidnotteachart.SoWinslowsfatherfoundhimajobasanassistantinthetradeofmakingandpreparingpicturesforprintedmedia.Atagenineteen,Winslowlearnedtheprocessoflithography.ThisworkwastheonlyformaltrainingthatWinsloweverreceivedinart.APWinslowHomersBlackboardSTEVEEMBER:Winslowdidthisworkforabouttwoyears.Thent

6、heyoungmandecidedtobecomeanindependentillustrator,someonewhomakesdrawingsandpicturesforaliving.HeworkedinBostonforafewyears,drawingillustrationsforstoriesinseveralnewspapers.Healsodidworkforamagazinethatwasdifferentfromanyotherofthetime.HarpersWeekly,inNewYorkCityneededgoodillustrationsandhadlotsofs

7、paceforthem.TheyoungWinslowbegantoestablishhimselfasanartistindemand.BARBARAK1.EIN:Ineighteenfifty-nine,WinslowHomermovedtoNewYorkCitytoworkforHarpersWeekly.Homeralsostartedtopaintseriously.HehopedtogotoEuropetostudypainting.But,somethingwouldintervenethatwouldchangethedirectionofWinslowHomersartist

8、icwork.HarpersmagazinewouldsendhimtodrawpicturesofthebiggesteventinAmericanhistorysinceindependence.ItwastheCivilWarbetweentheUnionandtherebelsouthernstates.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:WinslowHomerwenttoWashington,D.C.,ineighteensixty-one.HedrewpicturesofthecampaignofUnionArmyGeneralGeorgeMcClellanthenextyear

9、.Hispicturesofthewarshowedthemanywaysthatconflictsaffectpeople.Inoneillustration,heshowedUnionsoldiersonhorsesadvancingheroically.TheSouthernConfederatesoldiersareshownforcedunderthefeetofthehorseszwhilethehorsemenholdtheirswordshigh.TheillustrationiscalledTheWarfortheUnion,1862ACavalryCharge.BARBAR

10、AK1.EIN:Inanotherfamousillustration,TheArmyofthePotomacASharp-ShooteronPicketDuty,Homershowedadifferentsideofwar.Asoldiersittinginatreeisholdingarifle.Heisaimingatatargetfarinthedistance.Manycriticssaythepictureshowsthecold,mechanicalnatureofwarfare,bringingdeathtotheunsuspecting.APWinslowHomersHome

11、SweetHomeWinslowHomeralsomadeafamouspaintingcalledHome,SweetHome.Itshowstwosoldierslisteningtomusicplayedbymilitarymusicians.ThiswascommonduringtheCivilWar.Attheendoftheday,musiciansonbothsideswouldplaytoraisethespiritsofsoldiers.OftentheywouldplaythesongHome,SweetHome.HomerpaintedtwoUnionsoldierspr

12、eparingameal.Themusiciansareinthedistance.Thetwosoldiersappeartobestoppedinthemiddleoftheirpreparationsbythoughtsofhomeandfamily.(MUSIC:Home,SweetHome)STEVEEMBER:CriticswidelypraisedHomersworkduringtheCivilWar.HisworkgainedhimmembershipinwhatisnowcalledtheNationalAcademy.Onepainting,Prisonersfromthe

13、Front,waschosentorepresenttheUnitedStatesattheExpositionUniverselie.ThiseventwasheldinParis,France,ineighteensixty-six.HomerwenttoEuropeforthefirsttime.However,littleisknownabouthisstayinEurope.BARBARAK1.EIN:ThenextmajorchangeinWinslowHomerslifewasadecisiontoworkinanewmedium.Untilnow,Homerhadusedoil

14、-basedpaints.Colorfulsubstancesaremixedwithoil.Thesethickpaintscanbespreadinlayers,oneoveranother,toproduceinterestingeffectsoflightandcolor.Oilpaintsareusuallyputoncanvascloth.Mostpeopleconsideroilpaintingseriouspainting.Butinthesummerofeighteenseventy-three,Homerbeganusingwatercolorpaint.STEVEEMBE

15、R:Watercolorpaintiscolor,orpigment,dissolvedinwater.Thepaintisthin.Sometimesyoucanseethroughthepainttothepaperunderneath.Watercolorpaintcanbeusedtocolordrawingsorbyitself.Itisamuchfastermediumthanoilpainting.Butitisadifferentanddifficultskilltolearn.Homersdecisiontousewatercolormayhavebeenconnectedw

16、ithanothermajordecision.Twoyearsafterhestartedusingwatercolor,hestoppedillustratingformagazineslikeHarpers.Indoingso,heendedagoodwaytoearnaliving.Instead,hedecidedtomakealivingonlyfromsellinghispaintings.Hewascompletelyindependent.Justashesaidhealwayswantedtobe.nga.govWinslowHomersBreezingUpBARBARAK1.ElN:OneofHomersbestpaintingsfromthisperiodiscalledBreezingUp.Itwasshownforthefir