大题03 阅读理解:说明文(解析版).docx
《大题03 阅读理解:说明文(解析版).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大题03 阅读理解:说明文(解析版).docx(34页珍藏版)》请在优知文库上搜索。
1、大题03阅读理解说明文说明文所选材料题材丰富多样,涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。在高考英语阅读理解中,说明文所占比重尤为突出。它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构,还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备,熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。即便是细节理解题,大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息,而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右,说明文考查此类题目的频率较高,且命题点呈多样化。(2023年新高考I卷D篇)0nMarch7
2、,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthet4wisdomofcrowdseffect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,
3、thoseerrorsaren,talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswontcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomo
4、fcrowdsrequiresthatpeople,sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmaller
5、groupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafbllow-upstu
6、dywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasntthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroups
7、reportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether,Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.28. Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout
8、?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeopleserrors.D.ThedesignofGalton,sexperiment.29. Navajas,studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallC.individualsdidnotcommunicate30. Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A. Thesizeofthegroups.C
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 大题03 阅读理解:说明文解析版 03 阅读 理解 说明文 解析