讽刺艺术外文翻译.docx
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1、Satire1. DefinitionofsatireFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaNottobeconfusedwithsatyr.“Satires“redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeSatires(disambiguation).Satireisatextorperformancethatusesirony,derision,orwittoexposeorattackhumanvice,foolishness,orstupidity.Verb:satirize.Adjective:satiricorsatirical.Apers
2、onwhoemployssatireisasatirist.Usingmetaphors,novelistPeterDeVriesexplainedthedifferencebetweensatireandhumor:Thesatiristshootstokillwhilethehumoristbringshispreybackalive-oftentoreleasehimagainforanotherchance,OneofthebestknownsatiricalworksinEnglishisJonathanSwift,sGulliver*sTravels(1726).Contempor
3、aryvehiclesforsatireintheU.S.includeTheDailyShow,SouthPark,TheOnion,andFullFrontalwithSamanthaBee.Satireisagenreofliterature,andsometimesgraphicandperformingarts,inwhichvices,follies,abuses,andshortcomingsarehelduptoridicule,ideallywiththeintentofshamingindividuals,corporations,governmentorsocietyit
4、self,intoimprovement.Althoughsatireisusuallymeanttobehumorous,itsgreaterpurposeisoftenconstructivesocialcriticism,usingwittodrawattentiontobothparticularandwiderissuesinsociety.Afeatureofsatireisstrongironyorsarcasm-insatire,ironyismilitant*butparody,burlesque,exaggeration,juxtaposition,comparison,a
5、nalogy,anddoubleentendreareallfrequentlyusedinsatiricalspeechandwriting.This“militantironyorsarcasmoftenprofessestoapproveof(oratleastacceptasnatural)theverythingsthesatiristwishestoattack.Satireisnowadaysfoundinmanyartisticformsofexpression,includingliterature,plays,commentary,televisionshows,andme
6、diasuchaslyrics.2. EtymologyandrootsThewordsatirecomesfromtheLatinwordsaturandthesubsequentphraseLanxsatura.SaturmeantfullbutthejuxtapositionwithLanxshiftedthemeaningto*miseelIanyormedley”:theexpressionLanxsaturaliterallymeans“afulldishofvariouskindsoffruits.”ThewordsaturaasusedbyQuintilian,however,
7、wasusedtodenoteonlyRomanversesatire,astrictgenrethatimposedhexameterform,anarrowergenrethanwhatwouldbelaterintendedassatire.Quintilianfamouslysaidthatsatura,thatisasatireinhexameterverses,wasaliterarygenreofwhollyRomanorigin(saturatotanostraest).HewasawareofandcommentedonGreeksatire,butatthetimedidn
8、otlabelitassuch,althoughtodaytheoriginofsatireisconsideredtobeAristophancs,OldComedy.ThefirstcritictousesatireinthemodernbroadersensewasApuleius.ToQuintilian,thesatirewasastrictliteraryform,butthetermsoonescapedfromtheoriginalnarrowdefinition.RobertElliottwrites:Assoonasanounentersthedomainofmetapho
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