培根《论读书》三种译文与英文原文.docx
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1、【原文】OStudiesFrancisBaconStudiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsan
2、dmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornamentisaffection;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrulesisthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnatureandareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruningbystudy,andstudiesth
3、emselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem,fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthemandabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfuse;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkand
4、discourse;buttoweighandconsider.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatissomebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadywholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputyandextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwo
5、uldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks;elsedistilledbooksare,likecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle
6、,hehadneedhavemuchcunningtoseemtoknowthathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores.Naythereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexe
7、rcises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman,switbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethims
8、tudytheschoolmen;fortheyarecyminisectores.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother,lethimstudythelawyerscases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.谈读书王佐良译读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局筹划,那么舍好学深思者莫
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