美国名人教育家玛莉·里昂.docx

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1、美国名人教育家玛莉里昂MaryLyon,1797-1849:ALeaderinWomensEducationintheNineteenthCenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:21repeatByVivianBournazian2007-6-2ANNOUNCER:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Everyweekatthistime,wetellthestoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,SteveEmberandShirl

2、eyGriffithtellaboutMaryLyon.Shewasaleaderinwomenseducationinthenineteenthcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Duringthenineteenthcentury,womenseducationwasnotconsideredimportantintheUnitedStates.Supportersofadvancededucationforwomenfacedmanyproblems.Statesdidrequireeachtowntoprovideaschoolforchildren,butteachers

3、oftenwerepoorlyprepared.Mostyoungwomenwerenotabletocontinueonwiththeireducationinprivateschools.Iftheydid,theyoftenwerenottaughtmuchexcepttheFrenchlanguage,howtosewclothing,andmusic.MaryLyonfeltthatwomenseducationwasextremelyimportant.Throughherlifelongworkforeducationshebecameoneofthemostfamouswome

4、ninnineteenthcenturyAmerica.Shebelievedthatwomenwereteachersbothinthehomeandintheclassroom.And,shebelievedthateffortstobettereducateyoungwomenalsoservedGod.Ifwomenwerebettereducated,shefelt,theycouldteachinlocalschoolsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandinforeigncountries.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MaryLyonwasborninBu

5、ckland,Massachusetts,inseventeenninety-seven.Herfatherdiedwhenshewasfiveyearsold.ForMary,hardworkwasawayoflife.Butshelaterrememberedwithgreatpleasureherchildhoodyearsinthehomewhereshewasborn.Thisishowshedescribedwhatshecouldseefromthathouseonahill:Thefar-offmountainsinalltheirgrandeur,andthedeepvall

6、eys,andwidelyextendedplains,andmorethanall,thatlittlevillagebelow,containingonlyaveryfewwhitehouses,butmorethanthoseyoungeyeshadeverseen.VOICEONE:Attheageoffour,Marybeganwalkingtothenearestschoolseveralkilometersaway.Later,shebeganspendingthreemonthsatatimewithfriendsandrelativessoshecouldattendothe

7、rareaschools.Shehelpedcleanandcooktopayforherstay.WhenMarywasthirteen,hermotherremarriedandmovedtoanothertown.Marywaslefttocareforherolderbrotherwhoworkedonthefamilyfarm.Hepaidheradollaraweek.Shesavedittopayforhereducation.Marysloveoflearningwassostrongthatsheworkedandsavedhersmallamountofpaysosheco

8、uldgotoschoolforanotherfewmonths.Marybeganherfirstteachingjobataone-roomlocalschoolteachingchildrenforthesummer.Shewasseventeenyearsold.Shewaspaidseventy-fivecentsaweek.Shealsowasgivenmealsandaplacetolive.MaryLyonwasnotaverysuccessfulteacheratfirst.Shedidnothavemuchcontroloverherstudents.Shealwayswa

9、sreadytolaughwiththem.Yetshesoonwontheirparentsrespectwithherskills.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:WhenMaryLyonwastwentyyearsold,shebeganalongperiodofstudyandteaching.AnewprivateschoolopenedinthevillageofAshfield,Massachusetts.ItwascalledSandersonAcademy.Maryreallywantedtoattend.Shesoldbookcoveringsshehadmade.Ands

10、heusedeverythingshehadsavedfromherpayasateacher.ThiswasenoughforhertobeginattendingSandersonAcademy.AtSandersonzMarybegantostudymoredifficultsubjects.Theseincludedscience,historyandLatin.AfriendwhowenttoschoolwithMarywroteofhergainingknowledgebyhandfuls.ItissaidthatMarymemorizedacompletebookaboutthe

11、Latinlanguageinthreedays.MarylaterwroteitwasatSandersonthatshereceivedthebaseofhereducation.VOICEONE:AfterayearatSandersonAcademy,Marydecidedthatherhandwritingwasnotgoodenoughtobereadclearly.Shewasatwenty-one-year-oldwoman.Butshewenttothelocalpublicschoolandsatamongthechildrensoshecouldlearnbetterwr

12、itingskills.Ineighteentwenty-one,MaryLyonwenttoanotherprivateschoolwhereshewastaughtbyReverendJosephEmerson.Marysaidhetalkedtowomenasiftheyhadbrains,Shepraisedhisequaltreatmentofmenandwomenwhenitcametoeducatingthem.VOICETWO:Threeyearslater,MaryLyonopenedaschoolforyoungwomeninthevillageofBuckland.She

13、calledittheBucklandFemaleSeminary.Classeswereheldinaroomonthethirdfloorofahouse.Marysstudentspraisedherteaching.Sheproposednewwaysofteaching,includingholdingdiscussiongroupswherestudentsexchangeideas.MarysaiditwaswhileteachingatBucklandthatshefirstthoughtoffoundingaprivateschoolopentodaughtersoffarm

14、ersandskilledworkers.Shewantededucation,notprofits,tobethemostimportantthingabouttheschool.Atthattime,schoolsofhigherlearningusuallyweresupportedbypeopleinterestedinprofitsfromtheirinvestment.VOICEONE:Ineighteentwenty-eight,Marybecamesickwithtyphoidfever.Whenherhealthimproved,shedecidedtoleaveBuckla

15、nd,theschoolshehadstarted.Shejoinedaclosefriend,ZilpahGrant,whohadbegunanotherprivateschool,IpswichFemaleSeminary.AtIpswich,Marytaughtandwasresponsibleforonehundredthirtystudents.Itwasoneofthebestschoolsatthetime.Butitlackedfinancialsupport.Marysaidthelackofsupportwasbecauseofgoodmensfearofgreatness

16、inwomen.ZilpahGrantandMaryLyonurgedthatIpswichbeprovidedbuildingssothattheschoolmightbecomepermanent.However,theirappealfailed.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MaryresignedfromIpswich.Shehelpedtoorganizeanotherprivateschoolforwomen,WheatonFemaleSeminaryinNorton,Massachusetts.Itopenedineighteenthirty-five.Shealsobegantoraisemoneyforherdreamofapermanent,non-profitschoolforthehighereducationofwomen.Thissch